Bibliography & Index of the Sirenia & Desmostylia

Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia

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		Rabeder, G. (detail)
		1975	Die Wirbeltierreste (excl. Pisces) aus dem Egerien von Oesterreich. In: T. Bóldi et al. (eds.), OM Egerien.... Bratislava, VEDA: 437-455. 1 pl.

		Rabeder, G.; Steininger, Fritz F. (detail)
		1976	Die direkten biostratigraphischen Korrelationsmöglichkeiten vom Säugetierfaunen aus dem Oligo/Miozän der Zentralen Paratethys. Proc. Congr. Reg. Comm. Medit. Neog. Stratig. No. 6: 177-183.

x		Rabell Cabrero, Narciso (detail)
		1914	Notas paleontológicas. Revista de las Antillas (San Juan, Puerto Rico) 2(1): 66-69. 4 figs. Mar. 1914. –Describes an axis and a scapula of an "aquatic mammal" [sir.] from the "Salto de Collazo", 5 km east of San Sebastián, Puerto Rico [San Sebastián Formation, Oligocene]. A mandible, "cúbito", and other bones are also mentioned but not described.

Racheboeuf, Patrick R.: SEE Plusquellec & Racheboeuf, 2000. (detail)

x		Radhakrishnan, C. V.; Bradley, R. E. (detail)
		1970	Some helminths from animals at Busch Gardens Zoological Park. [Abstr.] Assoc. Southeastern Biologists Bull. 17(2): 58-59. –P. 59: {"Necropsy of 2 Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) [at Busch Gardens, Tampa, Florida] revealed large numbers of Chiorchis fabaceus (Trematoda; Digenea) in the cecum and colon and Plicatolabia hagenbecki (Nematoda; Ascaroidea) in the stomach."}

Radwański, Andrzej: SEE ALSO Czyzewska & Radwański, 1991. (detail)

		Radwański, Andrzej (detail)
		1977	Neogen. In: H. Makowski (ed.), Geologia historyczna [Historical geology]. Wyd. Geol. (Warsaw): 731-770. –In Polish. Mentions Middle Miocene sir. remains from Poland.

x		Raffles, Thomas Stamford (detail)
		1820	Some account of the dugong. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 110(2)(13): 174-182. 1 tab. Read May 18, 1820. –Allen 593. ?Extract: Philos. Mag. 57: 341-346, 1821 (Allen 607). German transl.: Froriep's Notizen 1(8): 113-117, Sept. 1821 (Allen 608). Rev.: Ann. Philos. 16: 52-53. Describes the gross anatomy (external and internal), habits, and hunting of the dugong at Singapore and native customs connected with it. Includes a table of measurements of one specimen (181-182). An afterword by Everard Home (182) notes that Raffles' communication was accompanied by an account of the dugong stomach in French, forming part of a memoir by Diard and Duvaucel, two French naturalists employed by Raffles (see Diard & Duvaucel, 1820). This account of the stomach was not published.

		Raffles, Thomas Stamford (detail)
		1821	Descriptive catalogue of a zoological collection, made on account of the Honourable East India Company, in the island of Sumatra and its vicinity, under the direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough; with additional notices illustrative of the natural history of those countries. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13(1)(17): 239-274. –Allen 606. Contains five lines on "Halicora Dugong" (272).

		Raffles, Thomas Stamford (detail)
		1835	Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Stamford Raffles, F.R.S. New ed. London, James Duncan: 2 vols. –A letter from Raffles to Mr. W. Marsden dated Nov. 30, 1822, mentions his having caught six dugongs, measuring up to 9'2", since arriving in Singapore on Oct. 11.

x		Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (detail)
		1815	Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palermo, aux dépens de l'auteur: 1-224. –Groups sirs. with pinnipeds in the order "Amphibia". Dugong is considered synonymous with Odobenus and placed in the family "Tetropia" (= pinnipeds); the remainder of the Sirenia are represented by the family "Diopia", comprising Manatus and the new but unexplained and undiagnosed nominal genus Nemodermus (nomen nudum) (60).

		Raga, J. A. (detail)
		1997	Parasitology of marine mammals. Bull. Soc. Sci. Liege 66(1-3): 67-90. Illus.

		Raghunathan, C.; Venkataraman, K.; Rajan, P. T. (detail)
		2012	Status of sea cow, dugong (Dugong dugon) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Nature, Environment and Pollution Technology 11(1): 105-112. March 2012. –ABSTRACT: Sea cow (Dugong dugon) is the only extant species in the Family Dugongidae and true herbivorous marine mammal. It is listed as vulnerable to extinction at a global scale by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The present paper documents the status of dugong in Andaman and Nicobar Islands by collating the published data as well as investigation through undersea surveys in selected places of this archipelago. Based on the existing data on dugong in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, it is observed that over the period of 51 years since 1959, a total of 76 dugongs were recorded either in the form of live or dead. Among them 47 dugongs were from Andaman Islands, whereas 29 encountered from Nicobar Islands. The distribution of this mammal is comparatively high in north Andaman, Ritchie's Archipelago and Great Nicobar Island. Potential threats and managerial strategies for the effective conservation of dugongs in Andaman and Nicobar Islands have also been discussed in the paper.

		Rahman, I. H. A.; Chua-anusorn, W.; Pierre, T. G. S. (detail)
		1999	Characterization of dugong liver ferritin. Analytica Chimica Acta 393(1/3): 235.

Raimbault, M.: SEE Faure et al., 1993. (detail)

Raine, H. B.: SEE Ritchie, P. H., 1934. (detail)

		Raine, T. (detail)
		1824	Notice in regard to Macquarie Island. Edinburgh Philos. Jour. 9(21): 46-50.

x		Rainey, William E. (detail)
		1981	Procedure for collection of dugong tissues for electrophoresis. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 240-247. –Describes techniques for collection and handling of blood and other tissue samples.

x		Rainey, William E.; Lowenstein, Jerold M.; Sarich, Vincent M.; Magor, Diana Marion (detail)
		1984	Sirenian molecular systematics - including the extinct Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas). Naturwissenschaften 71(11): 586-588. 1 tab. 1 fig. –Analysis of bone extracts and serum albumins supports the phyletic branching pattern of the five Recent sir. species derived from the fossil record, but argues for more recent branching points than the fossils suggest.

Rainwater, Thomas R.: SEE Platt et al., 2000. (detail)

		Raj, Sundra (detail)
		1927	Littoral fauna of Krusadai Island.

		Rajamani, L.; Cabanban, A. S.; Rahman, R. A. (detail)
		2006	Indigenous use and trade of dugong (Dugong dugon) in Sabah, Malaysia. Ambio 35(5): 266-268.

		Rajamani, L.; Marsh, H. (detail)
		2010	Using parallel regional- and local-scale initiatives to inform conservation management of rare wildlife: a case study of the dugong Dugong dugon in Sabah, Malaysia. Endangered Species Research 13(1): 17-23. 2 tables. 4 figures. DOI: 10.3354/esr00310. December 3, 2010. –ABSTRACT: Obtaining the information needed to inform management strategies for rare wildlife species at appropriate scales is costly and logistically demanding. Using coastal aerial surveys we obtained qualitative information on the distribution and abundance of the dugong Dugong dugon at the geopolitical scale of the state of Sabah in east Malaysia. At a local scale, interview surveys and a monitoring program were carried out at 2 sites: Mantanani Island and Banggi Island. A total of 53 dugongs were observed from the air, concentrated around Labuan Island--Brunei Bay and Sandakan Bay. The interview reports and monitoring program indicated that the residents of Mantanani Island and Banggi Island had local knowledge of the distribution and abundance of dugongs and, thus, an ability to participate in monitoring at that scale. Dugong populations in Sabah are small and clumped, and urgently require management intervention at local scales in the regionally important habitats identified by the aerial surveys. This combination of regional- and local-scale initiatives has a more generic application in the monitoring of other rare species of wildlife.

		Raleigh, Walter (detail)
		1596	The discoverie of the large, rich, and bewtiful empyre of Guiana, with a relation of the great and golden citie of Manoa (which the Spanyards call El Dorado) and of the provinces of Emeria, Arromaia, Amapaia, and other countries, with their rivers, adioyning. In: Hakluyt's Voyages. Glasgow, James MacLehose & Sons, 1904: Vol. 10: 338-431.

		Raleigh, Walter (detail)
		n.d.	Drie scheeps-togten na het Goud-rijke Koningrijk Guiana, in America gelegen, door den Engelssen Ridder Walther Ralegh, gedaan in de jaren 1595.1596.1597.... Leiden, Pieter Vander Aa: columns 5-42 + [2 pp.]. 6 figs. 2 maps. –Reports a manatee seen in the Oiana River (near the Mana River) in the Amaracapana Valley on the 1595 voyage (25).

Ralls, Katherine S.: SEE ALSO Brownell et al.; Rathbun et al., 1988. (detail)

		Ralls, Katherine S. (detail)
		1976	Mammals in which females are larger than males. Quart. Rev. Biol. 51: 245-276.

		Raloff, Janet (detail)
		1980	Protecting Florida's sirens. Sci. News 117(6): 91. 3 figs. Feb. 9, 1980.

		Raloff, Janet (detail)
		2005	Toxic surfs: homing in on an alga's threat - and therapeutic promise. Science News 168(4): 56-58. 2 figs. + cover photo. July 23, 2005.

		Ralph, C. L. (detail)
		1975	The pineal gland and geographical distribution of animals. Internatl. Jour. Biometeorol. 19(4): 289-303.

x		Ralph, C. L.; Young, S.; Gettinger, R.; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1985	Does the manatee have a pineal body? Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 66(1): 55-60. 1 fig. –Histological study of a T. manatus brain showed that it either lacked a pineal body or had only a rudimentary process which might represent an undeveloped epiphysis cerebri.

		Ramakrishna; Talukdar, S.; Sarkar, J.; Mitra, S. (detail)
		1999	Dugong and dolphin stranded at Digha Beach, West Bengal. Environment and Ecology (Kalyani) 17(4): 1031-1032. Dec. 1999.

		Rambler (pseudonym) (detail)
		1875	Guide to Florida. New York, American News Co.: 1-146. Illus. –Repr.: Gainesville, Univ. Florida Press: xix + 146, 1964. Ed. 2: 88 pp., 1876. See also Edwards (1875). Manatee, 85 (in 1876 ed.).

Ramirez, R.: SEE Farrés & Ramirez, 1959. (detail)

Ramirez-Santos, Jesus: SEE Solis et al., 2001. (detail)

		Ramsay, Edward Pierson (detail)
		1883	Catalogue of exhibits in the New South Wales Court, Great International Fisheries Exhibition, London. London: 1-56. –Sirs., 50, 53.

		Ramusio, Giovanni Battista (detail)
		1565	Terzo volvme delle navigatione et viaggi raccolto gia da M. Gio. Battista Ramusio nel qvale si contengono [13 lines of contents]. Si come si legge nelle diuerse relationi, tradotte dal Ramusio di lingua Spagnuola & Francese nella nostra, & raccolte in questo volume.... Venice, Stamperia de' Givnti: leaves 1-34, 1-456. Figs. Maps. –Allen 21. Account of the manatee from Oviedo, leaves 40, 71, 72, 159-161; fig. on leaf 159.

x		Randall, John E. (detail)
		1966	Grazing effect on sea grasses by herbivorous reef fishes in the West Indies. Ecology 46(3): 255-260. 4 figs. "Spring 1965." –Mentions that T. manatus "feeds in part on sea grasses in the tropical western Atlantic" (259).

x		Randall, John E. (detail)
		1971	Progress in marine parks. Sea Frontiers 17(1): 2-16. 11 figs. Jan.-Feb. 1971. –Mentions a proposed dugong reserve in Tanzania (12).

		Randall, R. H.; Tsuda, R. T.; Jones, R. S.; Gawel, M. J.; Chase, J. A.; Rechebei, R. (detail)
		1975	Marine biological survey of the Cocos barrier reefs and enclosed lagoon. Univ. Guam Mar. Lab. Tech. Rept. 17: 1-160. –Reports a single dugong sighted in Cocos Lagoon, Guam, in 1975.

		Ranzani, Camillo (detail)
		1820	Elementi della storia naturale dei mammiferi.... Bologna, Annesio Nobili (3 vols.): 1-736. 13 pls. –Allen 594. The 3 vols. are continuously paged. M. americanus, H. dugong, R. Stelleri, 670-677.

Rao, G. C.: SEE ALSO Bhaskar & Rao, 1992. (detail)

		Rao, G. Chandrasekhara (detail)
		1990	Present status of the sea cow, Dugong dugon (Muller) in Bay Islands. Jour. Andaman Sci. Assoc. 6(2): 181-186. Illus. –Includes a photo of a dead dugong from the Diglipur area, Andaman Is.

x		Rao, G. Chandrasekhara; Khan, I. H. (detail)
		1990	On the present status of the marine fauna of the Andaman Sea. Zoologiana No. 5: 29-42. –Brief observations on the precarious status of the dugong in the Andaman Islands (33).

Rao, K. Satyanarayana: SEE Nair et al., 1975. (detail)

		Rapp, Wilhelm Ludwig von (detail)
		1837	Die Cetaceen zoologisch-anatomisch dargestellt. Stuttgart & Tübingen, J. G. Cotta: vi + 182. 8 pls. –Allen 920. Allen says "The historical introduction [3-20] traces briefly the history of the subject from the time of Aristotle to date, with copious references to the literature in foot-notes. Theil I [21-58] gives a carefully prepared synopsis of the species, with brief diagnoses, the principal synonymy, and references to the more important works relating to the species. Theil II [59-179] is devoted to a general account of the anatomy of the Sirenians and Cetaceans, largely from original investigation. The eight plates are based on material studied by the author."

x		Rapp, Wilhelm Ludwig von (detail)
		1857	Anatomische Untersuchungen über Manatus (Lamantin). Württemb. Natw. Jahresh. (= Jahresh. Ver. Vaterland. Naturk. Württemb.) (Stuttgart) 13(1): 87-98. Pl. 3. –Describes aspects of the anatomy of a "Manatus latirostris" from Surinam: tongue, tonsils, hyoid, larynx, trachea, lungs, heart, major vessels, esophagus, stomach, intestines, spleen, female reproductive organs, auditory ossicles, and eye.

		Rappucci, Gina M.; Keith, Edward O.; Hardigan, Patrick C. (detail)
		2012	Tidal cycle effects on the occurrence of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) at the Port Everglades power plant. Aquatic Mammals 38(1): 31-42. 3 tabs. 6 figs. Spring 2012. –The seasonal distribution of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is influenced predominantly by feeding locations in the summer and proximity to warm-water refuges during colder months. The tidal cycle may further influence distribution through its impact on manatee movement and foraging. Although the importance of tide on distribution and habitat selection has been acknowledged, it has yet to be studied quantitatively with respect to the manatee population in southeast Florida. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the tidal cycle on manatee occurrence at the Florida Power & Light (FPL) Port Everglades Power Plant during the winter. Walking surveys were conducted in Port Everglades during manatee season, 15 November through 31 March 2004 to 2009. The number of manatees in four established locations was noted, and the animals were categorized as calf, juvenile, or adult. Water temperature data were also collected at the sample locations. Because many surveys yielded zero manatees observed, data were analyzed using the zero-inflated negative binomial model. Although the results show no correlation between tidal state and total manatee occurrence, they do suggest that the probability of observing a cow/calf pair is greater during high tide when compared to low and mid-tides (p < 0.05). Total manatee occurrence and the presence of cow/calf pairs were both significantly correlated with water temperature (p < 0.05). These results are in contrast to those from other locations in Florida and are relevant to the optimal timing of manatee surveys to ensure that all animals using a warm-water refuge are observed and included in population estimates. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

		Rasanayagam, M. C.; Mudaliyar, C. (detail)
		1926	Ancient Jaffna. Being a research into the history of Jaffna from very early times to the Portuguese period. New Delhi, J. Jetley, for Asian Education Services: 1-390.

x	D	Raschke, Rodney E. (detail)
		1984	Early and Middle Miocene vertebrates from the Santa Ana Mountains, California. Mem. Nat. Hist. Foundation Orange County 1: 61-67. 2 figs. Jan. 1, 1984. –Mentions the occurrence of Desmostylus, Paleoparadoxia, and Dioplotherium allisoni in Middle Mioc. rocks of the Santa Ana Mountains, southern California (62, 64).

x		Rathbun, Frank (detail)
		1983	Museum exhibit dramatizes manatee's plight. Today in Gainesville (Florida) 1(5): 6-10. Cover photo + 1 fig. Feb. 1983. –Pop. acc. of Florida manatees, and description of a traveling exhibit on manatee biology assembled by the Florida State Museum.

Rathbun, Galen B.: SEE ALSO Beck et al., 1982; Caldwell & Caldwell, 1985; Etheridge et al., 1985; Kochman et al., 1983, 1985; Lefebvre et al., 1989; Marsh & Rathbun, 1987, 1990; Marsh et al., 1995; Mate et al., 1986; Medway et al., 1982; Morales V. et al., 2000; Nishiwaki & Marsh, 1985; O'Shea, Rathbun et al., 1985; O'Shea et al., 1991; Packard, Rathbun et al., 1984; Powell et al., 1981; Powell & Rathbun, 1984; Reid et al., 1991; Reynolds & Odell, 1991; Thenius et al., 1987. (detail)

		Rathbun, Galen B. (detail)
		1984	Sirenians. Chap. 17 in: S. Anderson & J. K. Jones, Jr. (eds.), Orders and families of Recent mammals of the world. New York, John Wiley & Sons: 537-547. Figs. 93-94.

x		Rathbun, Galen B. (detail)
		1988	Fixed-wing airplane versus helicopter surveys of manatees (Trichechus manatus). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 4(1): 71-75. 1 tab. Jan. 1988. –Numbers of manatees counted at Crystal and Indian Rivers, Florida (1978-79), did not significantly differ between surveys conducted with fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, though helicopter surveys produced less variable counts and may be more effective for some specialized surveys.

x		Rathbun, Galen B. (detail)
		1998	Sea cows - Order Sirenia. In: Wild animals of North America. Washington, National Geographic Society (200 pp.): 146-151. 4 figs. –Brief gen. acc. of manatees, emphasizing those at Crystal River, Florida.

x		Rathbun, Galen B.; Wallace, Richard L. (detail)
		2000	Florida manatee. In: R. P. Reading & B. Miller (eds.), Endangered animals: a reference guide to conflicting issues. Westport (Connecticut), Greenwood Press (383 pp.): 108-111, 337-338 (refs.). –Gives a short gen. acc. of Florida manatees and conservation issues affecting them, and recommends overhaul of an interagency coordinating committee to make "a fresh start based on a new and substantially more aggressive approach to manatee conservation".

x		Rathbun, Galen B.; Bonde, Robert K.; Clay, Deborah (detail)
		1982	The status of the West Indian manatee on the Atlantic coast north of Florida. In: R. R. Odom & J. W. Guthrie (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Nongame and Endangered Wildlife. Georgia Dept. Nat. Resources, Game & Fish Div., Tech. Bull. WL5 (179 pp.): 152-165. 1 tab. 6 figs. –Lists and analyzes 160 historical and recent records of T. manatus north of Florida, showing that they decrease sharply in frequency northward and that more northern records are restricted to fewer months of the year. The northernmost record is from Washington, D.C. Manatees do not winter north of Florida, but do use warm-water effluents in Georgia during the spring. Sources of mortality in the northern part of the range include starvation, cold, and commercial shrimp netting.

x		Rathbun, Galen B.; Brownell, Robert L., Jr.; Ralls, Katherine S.; Engbring, John (detail)
		1988	Status of dugongs in waters around Palau. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 4(3): 265-270. 1 tab. 1 fig. July 1988. –Aerial surveys in 1983 confirmed the results of observations in 1977-78, viz., that the dugong population is very small (maximum count = 38) and highly endangered by subsistence hunting.

		Rathbun, Galen B.; Carr, Thomas; Carr, Nicole; Woods, Charles A. (detail)
		1985	The distribution of manatees and sea turtles in Puerto Rico, with emphasis on Roosevelt Roads Naval Station. Contract report, U.S. Navy Facilities Engineering Command, Norfolk, Virginia. NTIS Document No. PB 86-1518347AS: vi + 83. July 1985.

x		Rathbun, Galen B.; Powell, James Arthur, Jr.; Cruz, Gustavo (detail)
		1983	Status of the West Indian manatee in Honduras. Biol. Conserv. 26(4): 301-308. 3 figs. –Aerial surveys and interviews indicated a low density of manatees and relatively heavy subsistence hunting pressure. A manatee harpoon is illustrated. Hunters state that manatees are nocturnal, move out to sea during storms, and enter rivers in the rainy season. Several manatees died of starvation after being trapped in a lagoon during the dry season.

		Rathbun, Galen B.; Reid, James P.; Bourassa, J. B. (detail)
		1987	Design and construction of a tethered, floating radio-tag assembly for manatees. NTIS Document No. PB 87-161345/AS: 1-49.

x		Rathbun, Galen B.; Reid, James P.; Carowan, Glenn (detail)
		1990	Distribution and movement patterns of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in northwestern peninsular Florida. Florida Mar. Res. Publs. No. 48: 1-33. 6 tabs. 24 figs. Dec. 1990. –Data from aerial surveys, radiotracking studies, and other sightings show that manatees in northwestern Florida (north of the Chassahowitzka River) use the Homosassa and Crystal rivers as winter refuges but disperse widely in summer. Relatively little manatee mortality in this area is human-caused.

		Rathbun, Galen B.; Reid, James P.; Tas'an (detail)
		1987	Design and construction of a tethered, floating radio-tag assembly for dugongs. NTIS Document No. PB 87-161352/AS: 1-36.

		Rathbun, Galen B.; Reid, James P.; Bonde, Robert K.; Powell, James Arthur, Jr. (detail)
		1995	Reproduction in free-ranging Florida manatees. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.). Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 135-156. 5 tabs. 9 figs. Aug. 1995. –Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 19-20).

x		Rathbun, Galen B.; Woods, Charles A.; Ottenwalder, José A. (detail)
		1985	The manatee in Haiti. Oryx 19(4): 234-236. 1 fig. –An aerial survey in 1982 found only 8 T. manatus; they have apparently declined drastically over the past 50 years, and are now caught mainly by accident in beach seines. Former hunting techniques included spearing and stoning to death (!). Conservation measures appear impracticable; the best hope seems to be that hunting expertise will die out.

		Rattenborg, N. C.; Amlaner, C. J.; Lima, S. L. (detail)
		2000	Behavioral, neurophysiological and evolutionary perspectives on unihemispheric sleep. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 24(8): 817-842. Dec. 2000.

x		Rattner, Dian (detail)
		1982	Florida's endangered mermaids - can we save them? Scholastic Science World 39(7): 29-31. Cover photo + 6 figs. Nov. 26, 1982. –Pop. acc. of manatees at Crystal River and elsewhere in Florida, including recent deaths attributed to red tide.

		Rattner, Robert (detail)
		1990	Manatees among us. Animals, July/Aug. 1990: 26-31. 10 figs. + cover illus.

x		Rattner, Robert (detail)
		1995	Make way for manatees. Wildl. Conserv. 98(5): 22-29. 10 figs. + cover photo. Sept./Oct. 1995. –Pop. acc. of Florida manatees, their conflicts with boaters and development, and manatee research.

		Rausch (detail)
		1893	Zur Geschichte der Sirenen. Ber. Oberhess. Ges. Nat. Heilk. Giessen 29: 138.

Rautian, Aleksandr Sergeyevich: SEE Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992. (detail)

		Ravenel, W. de C. (detail)
		1902	Pan-American Exposition. Report of the Representative of the U.S. Fish Commission. In: Report of the Commissioner for the year ending 30 June 1901. Washington, U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Pt. 27: 289-352. 4 fold-out charts. –P. 349: {"One sample of manatee leather, dressed, U.S. Fish Commission."}

Ray, Clayton Edward: SEE ALSO Barnes et al., 1985; Buffrénil et al., 1990; Domning, Morgan & Ray, 1982; Domning & Ray, 1986; Domning et al., 1986; Inuzuka et al., 1995; Pollock & Ray, 1957; Wing et al., 1968. (detail)

x		Ray, Clayton Edward (detail)
		1960	The manatee in the Lesser Antilles. Jour. Mamm. 41(3): 412-413. Aug. 15, 1960. –Reviews early reports and archaeological evidence establishing or suggesting the presence of T. m. manatus at Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, and Marie Galante in historic times.

		Ray, Clayton Edward (detail)
		1975	The relationships of Hemicaulodon effodiens Cope 1869 (Mammalia: Odobenidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 88(26): 281-303. 6 pls. Aug. 15, 1975.

x		Ray, Clayton Edward; Domning, Daryl Paul (detail)
		1986	Manatees and genocide. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 2(1): 77-78. Jan. 1986. –Repr.: Amer. Cetacean Soc., Puget Sound Chapter Newsletter, July-Aug. 1989: 8-9. Letter to the editor, arguing that the problem of preserving Florida manatees is a critical challenge for marine mammal conservation in the U.S.

	D	Ray, Clayton Edward; Domning, Daryl Paul; McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1994	A new specimen of Behemotops proteus (Mammalia: Desmostylia) from the marine Oligocene of Washington. In: A. Berta & T. A. Deméré (eds.), Contributions in marine mammal paleontology honoring Frank C. Whitmore, Jr. Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 29: 205-222. 1 tab. 15 figs. May 1, 1994. –Revs.: S. A. McLeod, Jour. Vert. Pal. 16(1): 183-185, Mar. 19, 1996; J. E. Heyning, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 12(2): 326-329, "Apr. 1996" (publ. Mar. 29, 1996). A new specimen including both upper and lower teeth, from the middle or upper Oligocene, confirms the close similarity of Behemotops to Eocene anthracobunids of Asia. B. emlongi is synonymized with B. proteus, and the dentition of the latter is reinterpreted.

		Ray, G. Carleton (detail)
		1968	Marine parks for Tanzania: results of a survey of the coast of Tanzania by invitation of the Trustees of Tanzania National Parks. New York, Conservation Foundation, New York Zoological Society: 1-47. Oct. 1968. –Dugong, 37-39.

		Ray, G. Carleton (detail)
		1981	The role of large organisms. In: A. R. Longhurst (ed.), Analysis of marine ecosystems. London & New York, Academic Press (741 pp.): 397-413. Illus.

		Ray, John (detail)
		1693	Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini generis. Vulgarium notas characteristicas, rariorum descriptiones integras exhibens: cum historiis & observationibus anatomicis perquam curiosis. Praemittuntur nonnulla de animalium in genere, sensu, generatione, divisione &c. London, S. Smith & B. Walford: [xiv] + 336 + [8]. Frontisp. –Also a 1696 ed.? Sirs., 193-194. This is presumably the work to which Steller (1899: 189) alluded in his description of Hydrodamalis; it is known that Steller had a copy of this book with him on his voyage with Bering in 1741-42 (see Steller, 1925: 2).

x		Rayfield, Earl (detail)
		1974	Fifty thousand feet of history. NOAA (U.S. Natl. Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration) 4(1): 44-47. 7 figs. Jan. 1974. –States (p. 45) that the archives of NOAA's National Ocean Survey contain "a century-old drawing of a sea cow"; reproduced on p. 47, it is the drawing of Hydrodamalis on the map published by Dall (1891) and discussed by Stejneger (1936: 516).

Raymond, Gale J.: SEE Wagner et al., 1983. (detail)

		Rayner, Sue (detail)
		1987	Dugongs. Melbourne, Oxford Univ. Press: 1-31. Illus. 1 map.

Raza, Hilal A.: SEE Gingerich et al., 1995. (detail)

Raza, S. Mahmood: SEE ALSO Gingerich et al., 1993, 1995. (detail)

x		Raza, S. Mahmood; Barry, John C.; Meyer, Grant E.; Martin, Lawrence (detail)
		1984	Preliminary report on the geology and vertebrate fauna of the Miocene Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan. Jour. Vert. Pal. 4(4): 584-599. 2 tabs. 4 figs. Dec. 1984. –Mentions a sir. rib fragment collected in the upper part of the Gaj Formation (Early or Middle Miocene) (585).

x		Read, Bernard Emms (detail)
		1931	Chinese materia medica. Animal drugs. II. The wild animals. Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 6(1): 1-52. Sept. 1931. –Identifies (without supporting evidence) the animal known in Chinese as hai niu, or sea cow, with Rhytina gigas, and states that its skin was "used for many purposes" by the Chinese and that its oil was used in lamps (16); but does not state definitely that the animal occurred in China. See also Sowerby (1935). Also mentions a "sea animal" (52) that Sowerby thought might be the dugong, but I consider this identification too tenuous.

Recchia, C.: SEE Eros et al., 2000. (detail)

		Reche, O. (detail)
		1905	Über Form und Funktion der Halswirbelsäule der Zahnwale. Jena. Zs. Natw. 40: 150-252. 31 figs. –Sirs., 243.

Rechebei, R.: SEE Randall et al., 1975. (detail)

		Rector, Annabel; Bossart, Gregory D.; Ghim, Shin-Je; Sundberg, John P.; Jenson, Alfred Bennett; Van Ranst, Marc (detail)
		2004	Characterization of a novel close-to-root papillomavirus from a Florida manatee by using multiply primed rolling-circle amplification: Trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1. Jour. Virology 78: 12698-12702. 2 tabs. 2 figs. Nov. 2004.

Red Spinner (pseudonym of William Senior): SEE Anonymous, 1881. (detail)

x		Reddacliff, Gary (detail)
		1988	Crater wounds in marine mammals. In: M. L. Augee (ed.), Marine mammals of Australasia: field biology and captive management. Sydney, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales (vii + 140): 133-134. Mar. 1988. –Also appeared in Austral. Zool. 24(3)? Reports a young male dugong that stranded and died in Sydney Harbour in March 1980 as a result of bites by cookie-cutter sharks (Isistius sp.).

		Reddick, J. (detail)
		1980	Sirenia in distress. Cetus 2(2): 7. Illus.

		Reed, A. W. (detail)
		1969	An illustrated encyclopaedia of Aboriginal life. Sydney, A. H. & A. W. Reed: 1-165. –Dugong hunting in Australia, 66-67, 69-71.

x		Reed, Christina (detail)
		2001	Macro-evolution at its finest. Geotimes 46(12): 8. 1 fig. Dec. 2001. –Gen. acc. of the quadrupedal sir. Pezosiren portelli from the Eocene of Jamaica.

x		Reed, Jim (detail)
		1976	Guana River Wildlife Management Area. Florida Wildlife, Jan. 1976: 10-12. 5 figs. –P. 12: {"At least one manatee is known to be in the impoundment [= artificial Lake Ponte Vedra, St. Johns County, Florida]."}

x		Reed, John K.; Pomponi, Shirley A.; Weaver, Doug; Paull, Charles K.; Wright, Amy E. (detail)
		2005	Deep-water sinkholes and bioherms of south Florida and the Pourtalès Terrace - habitat and fauna. Bull. Marine Science 77(2): 267-296. 4 tabs. 4 figs. –Exploration by manned submersibles of the Jordan and Marathon sinkholes in the Straits of Florida revealed concentrations of dugongid rib fragments (Metaxytherium floridanum?) at depths of 357-366 m and 522 m, respectively (275, 281), as well as elsewhere on the Pourtalès Terrace (287). (Cf. De Pourtalès, 1877.)

		Reed, Nathaniel Pryor (detail)
		1982	"Sharing ..." key to manatee survival. Florida Naturalist 55(1): 8-9. 4 figs. Jan.-Mar. 1982.

Reed, P. C.: SEE Marsh, Freeland et al., 1986. (detail)

		Reeds, Chester A. (detail)
		1916	Porto Rican localities yielding vertebrate fossils. Annals New York Acad. Sci. 26: 436-438.

Reep, Roger Lyons: SEE ALSO Johnson et al., 1994; O'Shea & Reep, 1990; Loerzel & Reep, 1991; Marshall et al., 1998, 2000, 2003; Marshall, Clark & Reep, 1998; Marshall & Reep, 1995. (detail)

		Reep, Roger Lyons; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1990	Regional brain morphometry and lissencephaly in the Sirenia. Brain Behav. Evol. 35(4): 185-194. 4 tabs. 4 figs.

		Reep, Roger Lyons; Bonde, Robert K. (detail)
		2006	The Florida manatee: biology and conservation. Gainesville, Univ. Press of Florida: xviii + 190. Illus. –Reviews: Lemnuel Aragones, Bull. Mar. Sci. 79(1): 240-241, July 2006; Daniel K. Odell, Florida Scientist 70(3): 303-304, Summer 2007; John E. Reynolds III, Aquatic Mammals 33(2): 251, 2007.

		Reep, Roger Lyons; Johnson, John Irwin; Switzer, Robert C.; Welker, W. I. (detail)
		1989	Manatee cerebral cortex: cytoarchitecture of the frontal region in Trichechus manatus latirostris. Brain Behav. Evol. 34(6): 365-386.

x		Reep, Roger Lyons; Marshall, Christopher D.; Stoll, M. L. (detail)
		2002	Tactile hairs on the postcranial body in Florida manatees: a mammalian lateral line? Brain Behav. Evol. 59: 141-154. 2 tabs. 9 figs. –Describes the distribution and microanatomy of the postcranial hair follicles. All hairs are tactile sinus hairs innervated by 20-50 axons; they are arranged and constructed appropriately to detect water currents and possibly the presence of other animals or objects in the environment.

x		Reep, Roger Lyons; Marshall, Christopher D.; Stoll, M. L.; Whitaker, D. M. (detail)
		1998	Distribution and innervation of facial bristles and hairs in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 257-273. 3 tabs. 8 figs. Mar. 31, 1998. –Describes 6 distinct fields of perioral bristles, density of hair on the face vs. the body, and, in general, the anatomical basis of bristle use during feeding and tactile exploration. See also Marshall et al. (1998) and Marshall, Clark, & Reep (1998).

x		Reep, Roger Lyons; Stoll, M. L.; Marshall, Christopher D.; Homer, B. L.; Samuelson, Don A. (detail)
		2001	Microanatomy of facial vibrissae in the Florida manatee: the basis for specialized sensory function and oripulation. Brain Behav. Evol. 58(1): 1-14. 3 tabs. 5 figs. –Notice: New Scientist, Mar. 23, 2002: 27, 1 fig. Describes the vibrissae and their blood & nerve supply. Confirms that all the facial hairs & bristles are vibrissae (sinus hairs); that these have a distinct combination of attributes in each of the 9 regions of the face; that the perioral bristles have both tactile sensory and prehensile roles (a combination of functions unique to sirs.); and that the facial vibrissae may play a role in hydrodynamic distance reception.

Reeves, Randall R.: SEE ALSO Brownell et al., 1981; Leatherwood & Reeves, 1989. (detail)

x		Reeves, Randall R.; Leatherwood, J. Stephen; Jefferson, Thomas A.; Curry, B. E.; Henningsen, T. (detail)
		1996	Amazonian manatees, Trichechus inunguis, in Peru: distribution, exploitation, and conservation status. Interciencia (Caracas) 21(6): 246-254. 2 tabs. 5 figs. Nov.-Dec. 1996. –Reports results of boat and interview surveys in and near the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, and describes hunting methods and use of manatee products. Impressions of manatee abundance and of the magnitude of the catch suggest that the conservation outlook is grim despite large remaining areas of relatively unspoiled habitat.

		Reeves, Randall R.; Stewart, Brent S.; Leatherwood, J. Stephen (detail)
		1992	The Sierra Club handbook of seals and sirenians. San Francisco, Sierra Club Books: xvi + 359. Illus. –Revs.: K. W. Kenyon, Jour. Mamm. 75(1): 231, Feb. 18, 1994; D. K. Odell, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 11(1): 107-108, Jan. 23, 1995. Sirs., 33-36, 259-293.

x		Reeves, Randall R.; Tuboku-Metzger, Daphne; Kapindi, Richard A. (detail)
		1988	Distribution and exploitation of manatees in Sierra Leone. Oryx 22(2): 75-84. 1 tab. 7 figs. Apr. 1988. –Briefly describes the distribution of manatees (based on interviews) and of manatee traps and nets along rivers. Describes in detail hunting methods using traps, nets, and harpoons; carcass utilization; fragmentary catch statistics; and conflicts with fishing and rice farming. Discusses conservation prospects for manatees in Sierra Leone.

Rêgo, Aurora Ramos de Morais: SEE Morais Rêgo, Aurora Ramos de. (detail)

		Reguant, S. (detail)
		1967	El Eoceno marino de Vic (Barcelona). Mem. Inst. Geol. Min. España 68: 1-350. –Reports "Halitherium sp." at various Eocene localities between Taradell and Sant Julià de Vilatorta, Spain.

Rehfeld, S. Jerry: SEE Elias et al., 1987. (detail)

		Reich, K. J.; Worthy, Graham A. J. (detail)
		2006	An isotopic assessment of the feeding habits of free-ranging manatees. Mar. Ecol. Progress Series 322: 303-309.

x		Reichenau, Wilhelm von (detail)
		1878	Das Thierreich, vom Gesichtspunkte der Anpassungsähnlichkeit. (Ein Beitrag zum 14. Kapitel von Darwin's "Entstehung der Arten".) Kosmos (Zs. Einheitl. Weltanschauung auf Grund der Entwicklungslehre) 3(2): 133-147. May 1878. –Brief gen. acc. of the external anatomy and aquatic adaptations of sirs. (137-138).

Reichenbach, Ernst Stromer von: SEE Stromer von Reichenbach, Ernst. (detail)

		Reichenbach, Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig (detail)
		1845a	Synopsis Mammalium iconibus illustrata.... Vol. I. Cetacea, Pachydermata, Suilla. Leipzig: 1-31. Illus. –The plates are those of the author's Die Vollständigste Naturgeschichte ..., Säugethiere, Vols. 1 & 2 (Dresden & Leipzig, 1834?-1862). Discusses Halicore tabernaculi, 16.

		Reichenbach, Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig (detail)
		1845b	Anatomia Mammalium. Pars I. Cetacea et Pachydermata, tabulis aeneis LXV. illustrata. Anatomie der Säugthiere. Erster Theil. Wallthiere und Dickhäuter, durch fünf und sechszig Platten erläutert. Leipzig, Fried. Hofmeister: 1-23. 65 pls. –Also issued as part of the author's Die Vollständigste Naturgeschichte ..., Dresden & Leipzig, 1834?-1862. Sirs., 13-15, pls. 25-28, 33-37.

Reid, Dennis: SEE Krogh & Reid, 1996. (detail)

Reid, James P.: SEE ALSO Beck & Reid, 1995; Deutsch et al., 1998, 2003; Lefebvre et al., 2000; Mate et al., 1986, 1987; Rathbun, Reid & Bourassa, 1987; Rathbun, Reid & Tas'an, 1987; Rathbun et al., 1990, 1995. (detail)

x		Reid, James P. (detail)
		1996	Chessie the manatee: from Florida to Rhode Island. Argos Newsletter No. 15: 13. 1 fig. Aug. 1996. –Brief account of radio-tracking a Florida manatee that reached Rhode Island waters in August 1995 before returning to Florida, having set the northernmost record for manatee travels up the Atlantic Coast. His sustained rate of movement during his 3-month journey also set a record for manatees.

x		Reid, James P. (detail)
		1997	Navy tracks manatees with satellites. Endangered Species Bull. (U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv.) 22(1): 22-23. 1 fig. Jan./Feb. 1997. –Brief description of radiotracking studies of T. manatus, primarily in Puerto Rico.

		Reid, James P. (detail)
		2006	Cooperative manatee research in Puerto Rico. Endang. Sp. Tech. Bull. 31(2): 18-19. 3 figs. July 2006.

x		Reid, James P.; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1989	Three years operational use of satellite transmitters on Florida manatees: tag improvements based on challenges from the field. Proc. 1989 North Amer. Argos Users Conference & Exhibit (Landover [Maryland], Service Argos, Inc., 361 pp.): 217-232. 2 tabs. 2 figs. –Recounts the history of satellite tracking of Florida manatees, discusses some of the data on manatee movements thereby obtained, and describes modifications made to the transmitters as a result of field experience.

		Reid, James P.; Bonde, Robert K.; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1995	Reproduction and mortality of radio-tagged and recognizable manatees on the Atlantic coast of Florida. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.). Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 171-191. 9 tabs. 9 figs. Aug. 1995. –Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 20-21).

x		Reid, James P.; Rathbun, Galen B.; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1991	Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 7(2): 180-190. 2 tabs. 2 figs. Apr. 30, 1991. –Documents long-distance movements and site fidelity on the basis of photographs of distinctively scarred manatees. The migration pattern is predominantly northward in spring and southward in fall.

		Reiken, Frederick (detail)
		2010?	Day for night. Reagan Arthur: 1-326. –Novel, with mention in Chapter 1 of a 1984 manatee-watching expedition in Florida.

		Reilly, Patricia (detail)
		1982	"You can't not love a manatee." Sky (Delta Air Lines), Sept. 1982: 18-20, 22, 24. Cover + 5 figs.

		Reiner, Francisco; Simões, Paias (detail)
		1999	Mamíferos selvagens da Guiné-Bissau. Lisbon, Projeto Delfim - Centro Português de Estudos dos Mamíferos Marinhos: 1-429. Illus. –Gen. acc. of T. senegalensis, 119-120, 317, 416; 6 figs. (including 4 photographic views of a skull).

Reinhard, Rudolf: SEE ALSO Blaszkiewitz & Reinhard, 1996. (detail)

		Reinhard, Rudolf (detail)
		1996	Kurze Seekuh-Notizen aus Südostasien. Manati (Nuremberg) 11(2): 22-24. 2 figs. Dec. 1996.

Reinhart, Roy H.: SEE ALSO Hulbert et al., 2001. (detail)

x		Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1951	A new genus of sea cow from the Miocene of Colombia. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci. Univ. California 28(9): 203-213. 2 figs. Feb. 16, 1951. –Describes Potamosiren magdalenensis, n.gen.n.sp., a trichechid from the Middle Miocene (Friasian) of Colombia.

x	D	Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1953	Diagnosis of the new mammalian order, Desmostylia. Jour. Geol. 61(2): 187. Mar. 1953. –The earliest publication of the name Desmostylia; gives its date erroneously as 1952 and alludes to the "Family Paleoparadoxia" [sic; nomen nudum].

	D	Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1959	A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia. Univ. California Publ. Geol. Sci. 36(1): 1-146. Tabs. 19 figs. 14 pls. July 24, 1959. –An important survey and partial revision of the two orders, emphasizing the North American fossil record. Reviews the phylogeny of the Trichechidae (3-5); proposes a new suprageneric classification of sirs., introducing the new subfamily names Prorastominae (5), Protosireninae (6), and Halianassinae (8). Describes Caribosiren turneri, n.gen.n.sp. (Middle Olig., Puerto Rico; 8-21), and Halianassa vanderhoofi, n.sp. (Late Mioc., California; 23-44). Describes partial skulls and other material of Halianassa sp. indet. (Mioc., Baja California; 44-49; later made the type of Dusisiren reinharti Domning, 1978) and Eotheroides sp. indet. (Late Eoc., Egypt; 53-56). Discusses the morphology and evolution of the lacrimal, mesethmoid, nasal, and frontal bones in sirs. (57-62), and reviews other fossil sirs. in passing. Reviews the synonymy and morphology of Desmostylus (64-89); describes Vanderhoofius coalingensis, n.gen.n.sp. (Mioc., California; 90-93), Paleoparadoxidae [sic], n.fam., Paleoparadoxia, n.gen., and P. tabatai, n.comb. (Mioc., Japan & California; 94-100). Discusses the habits, phylogeny, and classification of the Desmostylia (101-109), concluding that the Sirenia, Desmostylia, and Proboscidea form a monophyletic group within the Paenungulata.

x	D	Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1970a	Desmostylia. In: P. Gray (ed.), The encyclopedia of the biological sciences. Ed. 2. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold (xxv + 1027): 243. –One-paragraph gen. acc. of the order and its four included genera.

		Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1970b	Sirenia. In: P. Gray (ed.), The encyclopedia of the biological sciences. Ed. 2. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold (xxv + 1027): 854-855. 1 fig.

x		Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1971	Fossil Sirenia of Florida. The Plaster Jacket (Florida State Museum) No. 15: 1-10. 5 figs. Oct. 1, 1971. –Updated version: Hulbert et al. (2001). Pop. acc. of fossil and Recent sirs., their occurrence in Florida, and how to identify their remains.

x	D	Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1975	New discoveries in the Order Desmostylia. [Abstr.] Amer. Zool. 15(3): 826. Summer 1975. –Reasserts the distinctness of Cornwallius and Paleoparadoxia on the basis of new material from the Oligo-Miocene of Oregon; regards the synonymy of American and Japanese Desmostylus as still uncertain.

	D	Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1976	Fossil sirenians and desmostylids from Florida and elsewhere. Bull. Florida St. Mus., Biol. Sci. 20(4): 187-300. 8 tabs. 39 figs. July 9, 1976. –The material on Metaxytherium ossivallense is revised from Reinhart's Master of Science thesis in Geology (Univ. of Chicago, Dec. 1947). Synonymizes Felsinotherium and Halianassa with Metaxytherium and reviews their morphology (191-199). Recognizes M. ossivallense, M. floridanum, M. calvertense, and Hesperosiren crataegensis in the Mioc. of Florida, and describes new material referred to each (199-235). Describes Halitherium olseni, n.sp. (Mioc., Florida; 238-261; now considered Late Olig.). Reports Eoc. rib fragments from Florida (262-265); discusses fossil sir. records from Java and Australia (266-269); describes vestigial incisors in Dugong dugon (269-272); and reports a tooth of Metaxytherium sp. indet. from the Mioc. of Argentina (272-278). Discusses trichechid phylogeny (279-281), "Manatus" maeoticus (281-282), Cryptomastodon (282-283), valid and invalid records of desmostylians from Alaska, Florida, and Texas (283-287), and new specimens of Desmostylus hesperus (288-295). Morgan (1994: 264-265) concluded that the Florida Desmostylus specimens reported here have erroneous locality data and are really from California.

x	D	Reinhart, Roy Herbert (detail)
		1982	The extinct mammalian order Desmostylia. Natl. Geogr. Soc. Res. Repts. 14: 549-555. 1 fig. –Progress report on Reinhart's study of the Emlong Collection and other desmostylians. Illustrates and diagnoses the skull of Cornwallius; coins the new combination Desmostylus brevimaxillare [sic] (551); reviews the status of knowledge of other desmostylians; and alludes to other new specimens from Oregon and California.

Reitz, Elizabeth J.: SEE Watters et al., 1984; Wing & Reitz, 1982. (detail)

Remmers, J. E.: SEE Tenney & Remmers, 1963. (detail)

		Renard, Louis (detail)
		1754	Poissons, ecrevisses et crabes, de diverses couleurs et figures extraordinaires, que l'on trouve autour des isles Moluques, et sur les côtes des terres australes: peints d'après nature durant la régence de Messieurs Van Oudshoorn, Van Hoorn, Van Ribeek & Van Zwoll, successivement gouverneurs-généraux des Indes Orientales pour la Compagnie de Hollande. Ouvrage, auquel on a employé près de trente ans, & qui contient un très-grand nombre de poissons les plus beaux & les plus rares de la Mer des Indes: divisé en deux tomes, dont le premier a été copié sur les originaux de Monsr. Baltazar Coyett, ancien gouverneur & directeur des isles de la Province d'Amboine, & president des Commissaires à Batavia. Le second tome a été formé sur les recueils de Monsr. Adrien vander Stell, gouverneur régent de la dite Province d"Amboine, avec une courte description de chaque poisson. Le tout muni de certificats & attestations authentiques. Donné au public par Mr. Louis Renard, agent de S. M. Brit. à Amsterdam, & augmenté d'une préface par Mr. Arnout Vosmaer. [Ed. 2.] Amsterdam, Reinier & Josué Ottens (2 vols. in 1): Vol. 1: 12 pp. + 43 pls.; Vol. 2: 2 pp. + 57 pls.; index. –First ed., Amsterdam, publ. by the author, n.d. [1719]; third "ed.", in Dutch & French, Utrecht & Amsterdam, Abraham van Paddenburg & Willem Holtrop, 1782. All three eds. are very rare; see T. W. Pietsch (Archs. Nat. Hist. 20(1): 49-68, 1993) for details of printing history and collation and facsimiles of title pages. The illustrations, based on drawings by Samuel Fallours, are apparently the same in all three eds. Dugong, pl. 34, fig. 180. Also depicted is a "Sirenne" or mermaid (pl. 57, fig. 240), which was probably also based on a dugong (see T. W. Pietsch, 1991). Both illustrations are reproduced by Durand (1983: 194-195, 211-212), who states that the former one is the first picture of a dugong to be published.

Renfree, M. B.: SEE Gaeth et al., 1999. (detail)

x		Rensberger, John M. (detail)
		1969	A new iniid cetacean from the Miocene of California. Univ. California Publ. Geol. Sci. 82: 1-34. 2 figs. 4 pls. June 13, 1969. –Mentions a "sirenian" [vertebra and rib fragment, UCMP 35102-35103] from the Early or Middle Miocene Monterey Group in Alameda County (1-2).

		Renshaw, G. (detail)
		1937	The northern sea-cow. Jour. Soc. Preserv. Fauna Empire (n.s.) 31: 51-54. 1 fig.

x		Renz, Mark (detail)
		1999	Fossiling in Florida: a guide for diggers and divers. Gainesville, Univ. Press of Florida. Illus. –Chap. 8 (57-66) is a pop. acc. of the excavation of a skeleton of Metaxytherium floridanum in a Polk County phosphate mine; also illustrates a cast of a skull of an undescribed Late Plioc. dugongine (63).

Repenning, Charles A.: SEE ALSO Mitchell & Repenning, 1963. (detail)

x	D	Repenning, Charles A. (detail)
		1965	[Drawing of Paleoparadoxia skeleton.] Geotimes 9(6): 1, 3. Cover illus. Feb. 1965. –Cover illustration with caption, showing Repenning's reconstruction of the Stanford skeleton, which was subsequently reproduced in the third ed. of Romer's Vertebrate Paleontology and elsewhere.

x	D	Repenning, Charles A.; Packard, Earl L. (detail)
		1990	Locomotion of a desmostylian and evidence of ancient shark predation. In: A. J. Boucot (ed.), Evolutionary paleobiology of behavior and coevolution. Amsterdam, Elsevier (xxiii + 725): 199-203. Figs. 179-183. –Describes the circumstances of occurrence and taphonomy of the Stanford (California) Paleoparadoxia skeleton, attributes fractures of its hind legs to a fall, and suggests shark attack as the cause of death. Also describes details of the hindlimb and other joints, interpreting them to indicate somewhat froglike postures in both terrestrial and aquatic locomotion, and a terrestrial gait similar to that of otarioid pinnipeds.

x		Resch, Rudolf (detail)
		1936	Retzer Heimatbuch. 1. Band: Von der Urzeit bis zum ausklingenden Mittelalter (1526). Verlag der Stadtgemeinde Retz (Austria). –Facsimile ed., 1984. Reports the "Skelett einer Seekuh (Robbenart)" [sic; = Metaxytherium krahuletzi] from a brickworks near Waschbach (26, 28).

		Research Group for Fossil Sirenia from Myoken (Kato, Masaaki; Kobayashi, Iwao; Kobayashi, Shoji; Sasagawa, Ichiro; Shinmura, Tatsuya; Tamura, Keiko; Horikawa, Hideo; Miyawaki, Makoto) (detail)
		2008	Discovery of the Hydrodamalinae (Sirenia, Mammalia) from the Late Pliocene Shiroiwa Formation in Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture. Bull. Nagaoka Municipal Science Museum No. 43: 1-20. 5 tabs. 20 figs. March 2008. –In Japanese; Engl. summ. Describes a scapula, radius-ulna, thoracic vertebra, and rib of a Hydrodamalis, thought to be intermediate between H. spissa and H. gigas.

		Retzius, Anders Johann (detail)
		1794	Anmärkningar vid genus Trichechi. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsacad. Handlingar (Stockholm) (2)15: 286-300. Oct.-Dec. 1794. –First publication of the name Hydrodamalis (292).

Revilla, Juan: SEE Neville et al., 1976. (detail)

		Rey, R. (detail)
		1964	Sur quelques pièces ostéologiques du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nantes. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest France 60, Mém. Trav. Orig.: 17-26. 3 pls. –Describes material of Halitherium.

Reynolds, John E., III: SEE ALSO Ames et al., 2002; Bazzini et al.; Cashman et al., 1996; Craig et al., 1997; Forrester et al., 1979; Garrott et al., 1994, 1995; Glaser & Reynolds, 2003; Hernandez et al., 1995; Hill & Reynolds, 1989; Marmontel et al., 1992; Morales V. et al., 2000; Ness et al., 1998; Odell et al., 1978; Odell & Reynolds, 1979, 1980; Packard, Frohlich et al., 1984; Packard et al., 1989; Rommel & Reynolds, 2000; Weigle et al., 1988; Wilhelm et al., 1988; Wright et al., 2002. (detail)

x		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1976	The Florida manatee: myth vs. truth. Sea Frontiers 22(4): 209-214. 4 figs. July-Aug. 1976. –Gen. acc. of manatee behavior (including an observation of playful "body-surfing"), popular misconceptions about manatees in Florida, and the outlook for their conservation.

		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1977	Precarious survival of the Florida manatee. Oceans 10(5): 50-53. 4 figs. Sept.-Oct. 1977.

x		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1979a	The semisocial manatee. Nat. Hist. (New York) 88(2): 44-53. 10 figs. + cover photo. Feb. 1979. –Pop. acc. of T. manatus at Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida, emphasizing herd structure, "estrous herds", cow-calf interactions, "body surfing", "follow-the-leader" behavior, social communication, and activity patterns. Concludes that manatees are "moderately social."

		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1979b	Internal and external morphology of the manatee (sea cow). [Abstr.] Anat. Rec. 193(3): 633.

x		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1981a	Behavior patterns in the West Indian manatee, with emphasis on feeding and diving. Florida Scientist 44(4): 233-242. 4 tabs. 1 fig. –Presents quantitative data on T. manatus in Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida, regarding activity patterns, feeding, dive times, aggregations, and miscellaneous behavior such as hauling out to feed, climbing barriers, and "body-surfing"; also lists food plants eaten.

x		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1981b	Aspects of the social behaviour and herd structure of a semi-isolated colony of West Indian manatees, Trichechus manatus. Mammalia 45(4): 431-451. 8 tabs. 4 figs. –French summ. A population of about 60 manatees in Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida, tended to be found in herds of 2 or more. Except for female-calf pairs, these herds were unstable. Social facilitation, synchronous breathing, "body-surfing", and "follow-the-leader" behaviors were observed. Social contexts of vocalizations are described, and other possible forms of communication are discussed. T. manatus is considered a "moderately social" species.

x		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1981c	Manatees of Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida: biology and effects of man's activities. In: R. L. Brownell, Jr., & K. Ralls (eds.), The West Indian manatee in Florida. Proceedings of a workshop held in Orlando, Florida 27-29 March 1978 (q.v.). Tallahassee, Florida Dept. Nat. Res. (iv + 154): 25-32. 2 figs. –Briefly summarizes behavioral and other observations reported in more detail in the publications cited above. Also discusses the danger to manatees of flood control dams, boat collisions, harassment, vandalism, fish hooks, and culverts, and notes that many people in the study area feared and disliked manatees.

		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1981d	Aspects of the structural and functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus. Dissertation Abstrs. Intl. (B) 41(2): 2441.

		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1995	Florida manatee population biology: research progress, infrastructure, and applications for conservation and management. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.). Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 6-12. 4 tabs. Aug. 1995. –Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 10).

		Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1999	Efforts to conserve the manatees. Chap. 12 in: J. R. Twiss, Jr. & R. R. Reeves (eds.), Conservation and management of marine mammals. Washington & London, Smithsonian Inst. Press (xi + 471 pp.): 267-295. 6 tabs. 11 figs. Sept. 1999. –Rev.: P. Shaughnessy, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 16(4): 842-843, Oct. 3, 2000.

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Ferguson, J. C. (detail)
		1984	Implications of the presence of manatees (Trichechus manatus) near the Dry Tortugas Islands. Florida Scientist 47(3): 187-189. –Notes two instances of manatee sightings near the Dry Tortugas, and discusses whether manatees require or merely prefer access to fresh water.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Gluckman, Casey J. (detail)
		1988	Protection of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida. NTIS Document No. PB 88-222922: 1-103.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Haddad, Kenneth D. (eds.) (detail)
		1990	Report of the Workshop on Geographic Information Systems as an Aid to Managing Habitat for West Indian Manatees in Florida and Georgia. Florida Mar. Res. Publ. 49: 1-57. Illus. Dec. 1990. –Includes, in addition to the Report of the Workshop (1-10), invited papers by O'Shea & Kochman, Weigle & Haddad, Osborn, Gilbrook, and Kautz (11-50; q.v.); the agenda and list of participants (51-53); and an excerpt from a senior thesis by Houhoulis (54-57; q.v.).

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Krause, W. J. (detail)
		1982	A note on the duodenum of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), with emphasis on the duodenal glands. Acta Anat. 114(1): 33-40. 1 tab. 4 figs. –Describes the gross and microscopic structure and histochemistry of the duodenum and duodenal glands; the latter secrete an acid mucin (sialomucin) and have cells intermediate between classical serous and mucous types.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Odell, Daniel Keith (detail)
		1982	Florida's manatees. Southern Boating 10(6): 110-111. 2 figs. Feb. 1982.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Odell, Daniel Keith (detail)
		1991	Manatees and dugongs. New York, Facts on File, Inc.: xiv + 192. Illus. Oct. 1991. –Revs.: G. B. Rathbun, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 9(1): 114-115, Jan. 1993; J. N. Layne, Florida Field Nat. 21(1): 22, Feb. 1993. Thorough, well-illustrated popular account of sir. biology, distribution, status, and conservation. Includes a chapter by Domning entitled "Why save the manatee?" (167-173; Domning, 1991c).

		Reynolds, John E., III; Powell, James Arthur, Jr. (detail)
		2002	Manatees (Trichechus manatus, T. senegalensis, and T. inunguis). In: W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals. San Diego, Academic Press (xxxviii + 1414): 709-720. 1 tab. 8 figs.

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Rommel, Sentiel A. (detail)
		1996	Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Anat. Rec. 245: 539-558. 3 tabs. 10 figs. –Describes in detail the gross and microscopic structure of the entire GI tract, comparing it and its functions with those of other sirs. and other hihdgut digesters, especially proboscideans and hyracoids.

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1985	Abundance of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) around selected Florida power plants following winter cold fronts, 1982-1983. Bull. Mar. Sci. 36(3): 413-422. 4 tabs. 1 fig. –Aerial surveys focussed on 5 Florida Power & Light Company plants revealed lower numbers of manatees than in previous years, probably reflecting unusually mild winter temperatures in 1982-83.

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1986	Distribution and abundance of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus around selected Florida power plants following winter cold fronts: 1984-85. Biol. Conserv. 38(2): 103-113. 3 tabs. –Aerial surveys focussed on 5 Florida Power & Light Company plants revealed generally higher numbers of manatees than in previous years, probably due to very cold temperatures in January 1985.

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1987	People, power plants, and manatees. Sea Frontiers 33(4): 263-269. 6 figs. July-Aug. 1987. –Pop. acc. of the use of power-plant discharges of warm water as cold-weather refugia by Florida manatees, and related conservation problems.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1988a	Insight into manatee, Trichechus manatus, biology and management provided by winter aerial surveys in Florida. [Abstr.] Florida Scientist 51 (Suppl. 1): 26.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1988b	Importance of aerial surveys to assess manatee (Trichechus manatus) winter use of Florida Power and Light Company plants from 1977-1986. In: K. Mahadevan, R. K. Evans, P. Behrens, T. Biffar, & L. Olsen (eds.), Proceedings of the Southeastern Workshop on Aquatic Ecological Effects of Power Generation, December, 1986. Mote Mar. Lab. Rept. No. 124 (546 pp.): 138-152. 2 tabs. 1 fig. May 1988.

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
		1994	Observations of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) around selected power plants in winter. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 10(2): 163-177. 3 tabs. 2 figs. Apr. 27, 1994. –Summarizes data from aerial surveys, 1982-1992, at five Florida Power and Light Company plants, and discusses the patterns of seasonal manatee movements documented and the apparent (and worrisome) declining trend in the numbers and proportion of calves sighted.

		Reynolds, John E., III; Rommel, Sentiel A.; Pitchford, Meghan E. (detail)
		2004	The likelihood of sperm competition in manatees - explaining an apparent paradox. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 20(3): 464-476. 1 tab. 3 figs. 1 appendix. July 2004 (mailed July 28, 2004).

x		Reynolds, John E., III; Szelistowski, William A.; León, Mario A. (detail)
		1995	Status and conservation of manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Costa Rica. Biol. Conserv. 71(2): 193-196. 2 figs. –Interview, boat, and aerial surveys in 1991 found manatees to be "even less abundant than in the recent past", due to hunting, pollution, and increased boat traffic. Local and regional conservation measures are recommended.

		Reynolds, S. H. (detail)
		1897	The vertebrate skeleton. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press: xvi + 559. 110 figs. –Sirs., 518, 554.

Reynoso, J. P. Gallo: SEE Gallo Reynoso, J.P. (detail)

Rhinehart, Howard L.: SEE Colbert et al., 2001. (detail)

		Rhoads, Samuel N. (detail)
		1894a	Some proposed changes in the nomenclature of the American Mammalia. Amer. Naturalist 28(330): 523-526. June 1894. –Supports the use for manatees of the names Trichechus, T. manatus, T. inunguis, and T. senegalensis (523).

		Rhoads, Samuel N. (detail)
		1894b	A reprint of the North American Zoology, by George Ord. Being an exact reproduction of the part originally compiled by Mr. Ord for Johnson & Warner, and first published by them in their second American edition of Guthrie's Geography, in 1815. Taken from Mr. Ord's private, annotated copy. To which is added an appendix on the more important scientific and historic questions involved. Haddonfield (New Jersey), publ. by the editor: x + "290-361" + 90. Frontisp. –Manatee, 291, 293 (of Ord's text), 5-6 (of Rhoads' appendix). Ord recognized "Trichechus australis" (= T. manatus) and "Trichechus siren" (= Steller's "sea-ape").

		Rhoads, Samuel N. (detail)
		1903	The mammals of Pennsylvania and New Jersey: a biographic, historic and descriptive account of the furred animals of land and sea, both living and extinct, known to have existed in these states. Philadelphia, privately published: 1-266. 9 pls. 1 map. –Sirs., 246.

Ribeiro de Sampaio, Francisco Xavier: SEE Sampaio, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro de. (detail)

Ribeiro, Gilberto de Assis: SEE Best, Ribeiro et al., 1982; Colares et al., 1987. (detail)

Ricardo Bertram, Cicely Kate: SEE Bertram. (detail)

		Ricaurte, Daniel Ortega (detail)
		1940	La hoya del Amazonas.... Tomo I. Segunda edicion. Bogotá, Editorial Centro S.A.: 1-533. –First ed., Bogotá, Escuela Tip. Salesiana: 1-297, 1936. Manatee, 440-442.

Rice, Dale W.: SEE ALSO Domning, Rice et al., 1982; Scheffer & Rice, 1963. (detail)

	D	Rice, Dale W. (detail)
		1998	Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Soc. for Marine Mammalogy, Special Publ. No. 4: 1-231. –Review: A. Berta, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 16(1): 264-266, "Jan. 2000" (mailed Dec. 8, 1999). Sirs. & desmostylians, 127-133.

x		Rice, Dale W.; Scheffer, Victor B. (detail)
		1968	A list of the marine mammals of the world. U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fisheries No. 579: iii + 16. Dec. 1968. –Summarizes the distribution of the living sirs. (5-6) and gives their common synonyms (12). Includes a bibliography by Ethel I. Todd (12-16).

Rice-Ficht, Allison C.: SEE Shoda et al., 1998. (detail)

		Rich, J. A. (detail)
		1898	Some notes on the manus of the dugong. Jour. Anat. Physiol. 32: 765-767.

x		Rich, Vera (detail)
		1983	Sea cow relics for museum. Nature (London) 306: 415. Dec. 1, 1983. –Reports the discovery on Bering Island of "a virtually complete skeleton" of Steller's sea cow, to be kept and displayed on Bering Island itself. See also Domning (1984a).

		Richard, M. (detail)
		1946	Les gisements de mammifères tertiaires: contribution à l'étude du bassin d'Aquitaine. Mém. Soc. Géol. France (n.s.) 24(1)(52): xxiv + 380. 52 figs. –Mentions Eotherium from the Upper Eocene of France.

		Richard-Hansen, C.; Vie, J. C.; Vidal, N.; Keravec, J. (detail)
		1999	Body measurements on 40 species of mammals from French Guiana. Jour. Zool. (London) 247(4): 419-428. Apr. 1999.

Richards, R. W.: SEE Woodring et al., 1940. (detail)

Richardson, B. J.: SEE Lowenstein et al., 1981. (detail)

x		Richardson, John (detail)
		1837	Report on North American zoology. Rept. 6th Meeting, Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 5: 121-224. –Allen 924. Lists Manatus americanus, M. latirostris, and Rhytina borealis among North American Cetacea (162).

		Richardson, W. John; Green, Charles R., Jr.; Malme, Charles I.; Thomson, Denis H. (detail)
		1995	Marine mammals and noise. San Diego, Academic Press: xvi + 576. Illus.

Ricqlès, Armand de: SEE ALSO Buffrénil et al., 1990. (detail)

x		Ricqlès, Armand De; Buffrénil, Vivian de (detail)
		1995	Sur la présence de pachyostéosclérose chez la rhytine de Steller [Rhytina (Hydrodamalis) gigas], sirénien récent éteint. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (Paris) (13)16(2): 47-53. 1 pl. –French summ. Describes the histology of bone in H. gigas as seen in two thin sections at the University of California Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) made by C. L. Camp, and shows that this is indistinguishable from the pachyosteosclerosis seen in other sir. bone. (At least one of the sections, UCMP 23031, is from a periotic bone of H. gigas.)

Ride, W. D. L.: SEE Mahoney & Ride, 1975. (detail)

x		Ridgway, Brian (detail)
		1982	Paleontological survey of the Toy Town Dump, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Plaster Jacket (Florida State Museum) No. 40: 4-20. 16 figs. June 1982. –Reports sirs. cf. Halianassa from the Miocene Hawthorn Formation in Pinellas County, Florida; mentions tooth scars on the bones as evidence of shark predation (7, 13, 15).

Ridgway, Samuel H.: SEE ALSO Harrison & Ridgway, 1976. (detail)

		Ridgway, Samuel H. (detail)
		1995	The tides of change: conservation of marine mammals. In: E. F. Gibbons, Jr., B. S. Durant, & J. Demarest (eds.), Conservation of endangered species in captivity: an interdisciplinary approach. Albany, State Univ. of New York Press (xiv + 810 pp.): 407-424.

		Ridley, H. N. (detail)
		1924	The flora of the Malay Peninsula. Volume 4: Monocotyledones. London, L. Reeve & Co., Ltd: 1-383.

		Ridley, H. W. (detail)
		1895	The mammals of the Malay Peninsula. Nat. Sci. 6: 23-29, 89-96, 161-165. –Distribution and food habits of the dugong, and its hunting by the Chinese (165).

x		Riemer, Donald N. (detail)
		1982	Sea cows on stamps. Bio-Philately (Biology Unit, Amer. Topical Assoc.) 31(1-2): 19-23. 6 figs. –Accurate pop. acc. of living sirs., listing 11 postage stamps depicting them. See also E.D. Gomez (1983).

x		Riemer, Donald N. (detail)
		1984	Introduction to freshwater vegetation. Westport (Connecticut), AVI Publ. Co., Inc. Illus. –Gen. acc. of T. manatus and its lack of suitability for weed control (138-141).

		Rigg, J. (detail)
		1839	Sketch of the geology of Jasinga. Verb. Batav. Genoot. 17: 120-135. –Sirs. in the Miocene of Java.

		Riha, Adalbert (detail)
		1911	Das männliche Urogenitalsystem von Halicore dugong Erxl. Zs. Morph. Anthrop. 13: 395-422. 15 figs.

Rima, Bert K.: SEE Duignan et al., 1995. (detail)

		Ripple, Jeff (detail)
		1999	Manatees and dugongs of the world. Stillwater (Minnesota), Voyageur Press (WorldLife Discovery Guides): 1-144. Illus. –Photos by Doug Perrine; Foreword by Judith Vallee.

		Ritchie, P. H. (detail)
		1934	North of the Never Never. Sydney, Angus & Robertson: 1-227. –"In collaboration with H. B. Raine." Australian native customs with respect to hunting, cooking, and eating the dugong, 53-58.

Rivera, Ernesto J. Ortiz: SEE Ortiz Rivera, Ernesto J. (detail)

x		Roaf, Michael (detail)
		1976	Excavations at Al Markh, Bahrain. Proc. Seminar for Arabian Studies (Inst. of Archaeology, London) 6: 144-160. 1 tab. 7 figs. 2 pls. –Mentions the occurrence of dugong bones in the later phase (post-'Ubaid; after 3800 B.C.) at Al Markh (144, 149-151).

Robardet, M.: SEE Lecuyer et al., 1996. (detail)

		Robb, Jane Sands (detail)
		1965	Comparative basic cardiology. New York & London, Grune & Stratton. 528 figs. –Sirs., 141, 143, 212-215, 402, 574.

Robblee, Michael B.: SEE Tilmant et al., 1994. (detail)

		Robert, C. (detail)
		1836a	[Note sur quelques particularités observées dans le squelette d'un lamantin du Sénégal.] L'Institut 4(153): 114. Apr. 13, 1836. –Allen 904.

x		Robert, C. (detail)
		1836b	Lettre de M. Robert sur les spirules, sur le lamentin du Sénégal et sur l'existence, dans cette même région de l'Afrique, de hyène tachetée. Ann. Sci. Nat., Sér. 2, Zool. 5: 226-227. –Allen 905. ?Repr.: C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 2: 362-364. Comments briefly on some features of the skeleton of a nine-foot T. senegalensis he had recently collected (363 in repr.).

x		Robert, C. (detail)
		1837	[Remarks on the manatee and Dinotherium.] C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 4(13): 471. [Read?] Mar. 27, 1836. –P. 471: {{"M. Robert présente sur les habitudes du Lamantin quelques remarques dont l'objet est d'appuyer le rapprochement établi par M. de Blainville entre les animaux de cette famille et le Dinothérium."}}

		Robert, Maurice (detail)
		1923	Le Congo physique. Bruxelles, M. Lamertin: 1-315. Illus. –Sirs., 287-288.

		Roberts, Andrew; Klomp, Nicholas; Birckhead, Jim (detail)
		1996	Monitoring marine and terrestrial hunting in an Aboriginal community in North Queensland. In: M. Bomford & J. Caughley (eds.), Sustainable use of wildlife by Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. Canberra, Australian Govt. Publ. Service (ix + 216): 152-166. 3 tabs. 3 figs. 2 pls.

		Roberts, Austin (detail)
		1951	The mammals of South Africa. ?Johannesburg, Trustees of "The Mammals of South Africa" Book Fund; distributed by the Central News Agency: xlviii + 700. Illus. –Record of dugongs, 232.

Roberts, Brenda: SEE Bossart et al., 1998. (detail)

Roberts, Callum: SEE Sheppard et al., 1992. (detail)

		Roberts, Orlando W. (detail)
		1827	Narratives of voyages and excursions on the east coast and in the interior of Central America; describing a journey up the Rio San Juan, and passage across the Lake of Nicaragua to the city of Leon. Edinburgh, Constable. 1-302. 1 map. –Facsimile ed.: Gainesville, Univ. Florida Press, 1965. Manatees, 97-98.

Robineau, Daniel: SEE ALSO Lecuyer et al., 1996. (detail)

x		Robineau, Daniel (detail)
		1965	Les osselets de l'ouie de la rhytine. Mammalia 29(3): 412-425. 5 figs. Sept. 1965. –Engl. summ. Describes the ear ossicles of Steller's sea cow and compares them with those of Trichechus and Dugong.

x		Robineau, Daniel (detail)
		1969	Morphologie externe du complexe osseux temporal chez les siréniens. Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. (Paris), Sér. A (Zool.), (2)60(1): 1-32. 17 figs. –Detailed, well-illustrated description of the temporal and ear regions of the Recent sirs., particularly Dugong, and comparisons with other orders of mammals.

x		Robineau, Daniel; Rose, Jean-Michel (detail)
		1982	Le dugong [Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776) Sirenia, Dugongidae] en République de Djibouti. Biol. Conserv. 24(3): 233-238. 1 fig. Nov. 1982. –Engl. summ. Strandings, accidental captures in shark nets, and aerial surveys (in late 1980) indicate a population of some 30 dugongs in Djibouti; these may represent the northern edge of a larger population in Somalia.

Robins, J.: SEE Marsh et al., 1997. (detail)

Robinson, John G.: SEE Correa-Viana et al., 1990; O'Shea et al., 1988. (detail)

x		Robinson, N. H. (detail)
		1984	Marine mammals of the coastal waters of the Illawarra region. Victorian Naturalist 101(4): 152-161. 2 tabs. 2 figs. July/Aug. 1984. –Records two dugong strandings in New South Wales, at Port Hacking (Feb. 12, 1959) and Port Kembla (Dec. 1960) (157).

		Robinson, P. T. (detail)
		1971	Wildlife trends in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Oryx 11(2-3): 117-121. 1 fig.

		Robinson, Peter T. (detail)
		1974	The Beglia Formation of Tunisia. Mem. Bur. Rech. Geol. Minieres, France No. 78, vol. 1: 235-237.

		Robinson, Peter T. (detail)
		1976	Neogene continental rock units of Tunisia. Proc. Congr. Reg. Comm. Medit. Neog. Stratig. No. 6: 415-419.

x		Robinson, Peter T.; Black, Craig C. (detail)
		1969	Note preliminaire sur les vertebres fossiles du Vindobonien (formation Béglia), du Bled Douarah, Gouvernorat de Gafsa, Tunisie. Notes Serv. Géol. Tunisie No. 31: 67-70. –Mentions sir. bones found in a Miocene vertebrate fauna representing shoreline-savannah (and also river-forest?) assemblages (69).

		Robinson, Peter T.; Black, Craig C. (detail)
		1974	Vertebrate faunas from the Neogene of Tunisia. Ann. Geol. Surv. Egypt 4: 319-332. 6 figs. –Reports indeterminate sirs. from both pre- and post-Hipparion levels in the Beglia Formation (322, 327).

Robison, Amy P.: SEE White et al., 2002. (detail)

x		Robison, J. (detail)
		1833	European notices of Indian natural history. 1. The dugong. Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 2: 100-101. Feb. 1833. –Letter to Robison from Robert Knox regarding a preserved dugong sent to Edinburgh by G. Swinton.

Rocha, M. F. G.: SEE Vargara-Parente et al., 2003a, b. (detail)

Rocha, Newton Banks da: SEE Banks da Rocha, Newton. (detail)

x		Rochebrune, A. T. de (detail)
		1883	Faune de la Sénégambie: mammifères. Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 37(4)(7): 49-203. –Gen. acc. of the African manatee, mostly quoted from M. Adanson (1757?) (190-191).

		Rochefort, César de (detail)
		1658	Histoire naturelle et morale des Iles antilles de l'Amerique. Enrichie de plusieurs belles figures des raretez les plus considerables qui y sont décrites. Vvec vn vocabulaire Caraïbe. Rotterdam, Arnould Leers: [8] + 527 pp. + 6 leaves (contents). –Allen 82.

x		Rochefort, César de (detail)
		1665	Histoire naturelle et morale des Iles Antilles de l'Amerique. Enrichie d'un grand nombre de belles figures en taille douce, des places & des raretez les plus considerables, qui y sont décrites. Avec un vocabulaire Caraïbe. Seconde edition. Reveuë & augmentée de plusieurs descriptions, & de quelques éclaircissemens, qu'on desiroit en la precedente. Rotterdam, Arnout Leers: 18 leaves + 583 pp. + 6½ leaves (contents). Figs. 3 pls. –Allen 90. Dutch transl., Rotterdam, 1662 (Allen 85). Engl. transl., London, 1666. Also a later French ed. (Lyon, Christofle Fourmy, 2 vols., 566 & 680 pp., 1667) and a "derniere" ed., Rotterdam, 1681. Manatee, chap. 17, 194-195; fig., 199 (pp. 155-156 in 1662 ed.; 1:391-394, 402 in 1667 ed.). The material in at least the 1667 ed. is identical to that in the 1665 ed., but the figures are reversed. Allen says "The account of the Lamantin (1 page and 3 lines in length) is explicit and interesting, describing correctly the general appearance and habits of the animal, including its reproduction, and the use of its flesh as food by the natives. The cut ... is a very good figure (its date, of course, considered) of the animal - an old Lamantin folding its young one in its arms." This picture is reproduced by Durand (1983: 166).

Rochon-Duvigneaud, André: SEE ALSO Petit & Rochon-Duvigneaud, 1929. (detail)

		Rochon-Duvigneaud, André (detail)
		1943	Les yeux et la vision des vertébrés. Paris, Masson & Cie: iii + 719. Illus.

		Rochon-Duvigneaud, André (detail)
		1972	L'oeil et la vision. In: P.-P. Grassé (ed.), Traité de zoologie: Mammifères. Paris, Masson et Cie: 16(4)? –Sirs., 664-665.

		Rodas-Trejo, J.; Romero-Berny, E. I.; Estrada, A. (detail)
		2008	Distribution and conservation of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the Catazaja wetlands of northeast Chiapas, Mexico. Tropical Conservation Science 1(4): 321-33.

		Roddan, G. M. (detail)
		1938	Report on a survey of the existing and potential rice lands in certain swamp areas in the Southern Province. Freetown (Sierra Leone), Govt. Printer. –Manatees in Kamaranka River, Bumpe Chiefdom (para. 70).

		Rode, Paul (detail)
		1943	Petit atlas des mammifères. III. Cetacés, sirènes, pinnipèdes, carnivores, chiropteres. Paris, N. Boubee & Co.: 1-65. 12 pls.

		Rodionov, V. A. (detail)
		1986	[Histochemical study of lipids in the skeletal muscles of the manatee and other marine mammals.] In: V. E. Sokolov (ed.), Lamantin: morfologicheskie adaptatsii (q.v.). Moscow, "Nauka" (Akad. Nauk SSSR) (405 pp.): 351-357. –In Russian.

		Rodrigues, Fernanda Rosa; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; Barcellos, José Fernando Marques; Lazzarini, Stella Maris (detail)
		2008	Reproductive anatomy of the female Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis Natterer, 1883 (Mammalia: Sirenia). Anat. Rec. 291(5): 557-564. 1 tab. 3 figs.

		Rodriguez de Acosta, Manuel (detail)
		1684	El Marañon, y Amazonas. Historia de los descvbrimientos, entradas, y redvccion de naciones. Trabajos malogrados de algvnos conqvistadores, y dichosos de otros, assi temporales, como espiritvales, en las dilatadas montañas, y mayores rios de la America.... Madrid, Antonio Gonçalez de Reyes: [20] + 444 + [31]. –Manatee, 107.

x		Rodriguez Ferreira, Alexandre (detail)
		1903	Memoria sobre o peixe boy e do uso que lhe dão no Estado do Grão Pará. Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 12: 169-174. –Repr.: Rodriguez Ferreira (1972: 59-65). A description, originally written in 1786, of manatee hunting and manatee products, and governmental regulation thereof, in the lower Amazon region of Brazil. It may be worth pointing out, given past misunderstandings by some translators, that the word "boy" in the title is the Portuguese word for ox (today spelled "boi"); "peixe-boi" (ox-fish) is the usual Brazilian name for the manatee.

		Rodriguez Ferreira, Alexandre (detail)
		1972	Viagem filosófica pelas capitanias do Grão Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá. Memórias zoologia botânica. Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Federal de Cultura: 1-246. 4 figs. –A collection of Rodriguez Ferreira's natural history manuscripts dating from the period 1783-1792, edited and annotated by José Cândido de Melo Carvalho. Includes three works referring to manatees: (1) his memoir on the Amazonian manatee (previously published in 1903, q.v.; 59-65); (2) "Observações gerais e particulares, sobre a classe dos mamíferos observados nos territórios dos tres rios, das Amazonas, Negro, e da Madeira: com descrições circunstanciadas, que quase todos eles, deram os antigos, e modernos naturalistas, e principalmente, com a dos Tapuios" (67-204); and (3) "Lista dos animais que fazem objeto das caçadas e das pescarias dos índios" (215-222). The second of these is said to have been published in the Rev. Inst. Hist. Geogr. Bahia 60: 5-217, 1934. The third is said to have been published in the Rev. Trimensal Inst. Hist. Geogr. Brasil. 51(1): 94-101, 1888, and in E. Goeldi, Alexandre R. Ferreira, Pará, ENSAIO, 1905: 57-65. The memoir of observations on mammals mentions (124) the previous memoir on manatees, Manatus appears in a list of mammals on p. 129, and Trichechus manatus forms the subject of pp. 195-201. A female manatee is illustrated in fig. 4, facing p. 194. Note that the statistics on manatee exploitation appearing on pp. 63 and 201 of this ed. conflict with those in Rodriguez Ferreira (1903), and are apparently erroneous; see Domning (1982a: 103). Likewise, on p. 65 the date of completion of the manatee memoir is given as Feb. 2, 1786, but is Feb. 3 in the 1903 ed. The list of animals hunted by the Indians includes, under "Bruta", the juarauá or peixe-boi (manatee), of which two types are recognized: "ordinário" and "de manteiga" (215).

Rodriguez, João Barbosa: SEE Barbosa Rodriguez, João. (detail)

		Rodriguez, Z. M.; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; D'Affonsêca Neto, José Anselmo (detail)
		1999	Teste de formula láctea na alimentação de filhotes órfãos de peixe-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis). In: T.G. Fang, O.L. Montenegro, & R.E. Bodner (eds.), Manejo y conservación de fauna silvestre en América Latina. Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología: 405-408.

Rodriguez-Lopez, Marta A.: SEE Mignucci G. et al., 2000; Mignucci G., Williams et al., 1999. (detail)

x		Rodway, James (detail)
		1912	In the Guiana forest. Ed. 2? Chicago, A. C. McClurg & Co.: 1-326. –P. 84: {"As if these enemies were not sufficient, he [the Guiana native] must create another, the Hue-ru, or siren. Some have thought this water sprite to be nothing but an exaggerated manatee. But the Indians know this animal too well to confound it with his mysterious enemy. He shoots the Manatee and feeds his family for a week upon its meat when fortunate enough to secure it."}

x		Rodway, James (detail)
		1917	Indian charms. In: W. Beebe, G. I. Hartley, & P. G. Howes, Tropical wild life in British Guiana; zoological contributions from the Tropical Research Station of the New York Zoological Society. Vol. 1. New York, New York Zoological Society (504 pp.): 488-499. Fig. 143. Jan. 1917. –States that the "water-mamma" or manatee is believed to upset boats and "carry people down to a kind of fairyland beneath the dark waters"; it "may be repelled or propitiated by rubbing the bulb of the red lily over the corial before encountering the danger" (491). This plant is identified as Hippeastrum equestre on p. 499.

Roess, William B.: SEE Cashman et al., 1996; Ness et al., 1998. (detail)

Roetzel, Reinhard: SEE ALSO Pervesler & Roetzel, 1991a, 1991b; Pervesler et al., 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000. (detail)

x		Roetzel, Reinhard (detail)
		1988	Bericht 1987 über geologische Aufnahmen im Tertiär und Quartär auf Blatt 8 Geras. Jahrb. Geol. Bundesanst. (Vienna) 131(3): 401-402. Nov. 1988. –Mentions ribs of Metaxytherium collected from Eggenburgian (Early Mioc.) deposits near Weitersfeld, Austria (402).

		Rogenhofer, Alois (detail)
		1908	Über ein Endglied des Ichthyosaurierstammes aus der Kreideformation. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 58: (38)-(44). –Sirs., (43).

		Roger, Otto (detail)
		1879-82	Liste der bis jetzt bekannten fossilen Säugethiere. Corresp.-Bl. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg 33: 43-46, 70-92, 131-147; 34: 165-180; 35: 27-34, 52-64, 117-128; 36: 47-63, 77-94, 110-122, 129-147. –See also Zool. Jahrb. 4: 279? Subsequent revisions appeared in Ber. Augsburg Nat. Ver. 1887: 1-162; 1894: 3-40; 1896: 1-272; 1898: 383-396.

	D	Rogers, Austin F. (detail)
		1924	Mineralogy and petrography of fossil bone. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 35: 535-556. Pls. 26-29. –Desmostylians, 545.

		Rohl, E. (detail)
		1959	Fauna descriptiva de Venezuela. Madrid, Nuevas Graficas.

		Roland-Holst, A. (detail)
		1930	Sirenische Kunst. De Gids (Amsterdam) 94(1): 132-136. –In Dutch.

Roletto, Janette: SEE Dierauf, L. A., 1990. (detail)

Roman, F.: SEE Depéret & Roman, 1920. (detail)

	D	Romer, Alfred Sherwood (detail)
		1966	Vertebrate paleontology. Ed. 3. Chicago & London, Univ. Chicago Press: ix + 468. 4 tabs. 443 figs. –Ed. 1, 1933; ed. 2, 1945. Sirs. & desmostylians, 252-254, 386.

x	D	Romer, Alfred Sherwood (detail)
		1968	Notes and comments on vertebrate paleontology. Chicago & London, Univ. Chicago Press: viii + 304. –A supplement to his textbook Vertebrate Paleontology, ed. 3. Discusses sirs. and desmostylians on pp. 200-201; insists on using the name Manatus in preference to Trichechus, and comments on the series of discoveries that led to recognition of the Desmostylia as a separate order.

x		Romero, A.; Hayford, K. T.; Romero, A.; Romero, J. (detail)
		2002	The marine mammals of Grenada, W.I., and their conservation status. Mammalia 66(4): 479-494. 1 tab. 2 figs. Dec. 30, 2002. –French summ. Mentions archaeological and 17th-century records of T. manatus in Grenada, and concludes that the species has been extinct there for at least 300 years (486, 493).

Romero, J.: SEE Romero et al., 2002. (detail)

		Romeu, Emma (detail)
		1990	Manatí, gigante de las aguas bajas. Somos Jóvenes (Havana), No. 123.

x		Romeu, Emma (detail)
		1997	El gran manatí antillano. Biodiversitas (Boletín Bimestral de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad) (Coyoacán, Mexico) 3(16): 2-6. 7 figs. Dec. 1997. –Gen. acc. of Antillean manatees, emphasizing status and conservation efforts in Mexico.

Rommel, Sentiel A.: SEE ALSO Bossart, Meisner et al., 2003; Fagone et al., 2000; Kipps et al., 2002; Reynolds & Rommel, 1996. (detail)

		Rommel, Sentiel A.; Lowenstine, Linda J. (detail)
		2001	Gross and microscopic anatomy. In: L. A. Dierauf & F. M. D. Gulland (eds.), CRC handbook of marine mammal medicine. Ed. 2. Boca Raton, etc., CRC Press (lvii + 1063): 129-164. 4 figs.

x		Rommel, Sentiel A.; Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		2000	Diaphragm structure and function in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Anat. Rec. 259(1): 41-51. 6 figs. + cover illus. May 1, 2000. –Describes the anatomy of the respiratory diaphragm, redefines or renames some structures in the manatee that differ from other mammals,and discusses the diaphragm's role in buoyancy control. In manatees, the transverse septum between heart and liver is separate from the diaphragm, which does not attach to the sternum. Intestinal gas may possibly be manipulated within the abdomen to help control buoyancy and pitch.

		Rommel, Sentiel A.; Caplan, Heather (detail)
		2003	Vascular adaptations for heat conservation in the tail of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Jour. Anat. 202(4): 343-353. 5 figs. Apr. 2003.

		Rommel, Sentiel A.; Costidis, A. M.; Pitchford, Thomas D.; Lightsey, Jessica D.; Snyder, R. H.; Haubold, Elsa M. (detail)
		2007	Forensic methods for characterizing watercraft from watercraft-induced wounds on the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 23(1): 110-132. 3 tabs. 8 figs. Jan. 2007.

		Rommel, Sentiel A.; Pabst, D. Ann; McLellan, William A. (detail)
		2001	Functional morphology of venous structures associated with the male and female reproductive systems in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Anat. Rec. 264: 339-347. 1 tab. 5 figs.

		Rommel, Sentiel A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Lynch, H. A. (detail)
		2003	Adaptations of the herbivorous marine mammals. In: L. 't Mannetje, L. Ramírez-Avilés, C. Sandoval-Castro, & J.C. Ku-Vera, Matching herbivore nutrition to ecosystems biodiversity. VI International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. Proceedings of an International Symposium held in Mérida, México, 19-24 October 2003. México, Univ. Auton. de Yucatan: 287-308. 10 figs.

Rónai, A.: SEE Balogh & Rónai, 1965. (detail)

		Ronald, Keith; Selley, L. J.; Amoroso, E. C. (detail)
		1978	Biological synopsis of the manatee. Ottawa, International Development Research Centre: 1-112. 6 tabs. 10 pls. –Review of the literature on manatee biology (5-47), with a bibliography of 865 titles on sirs. listed alphabetically by author, without annotations or index (65-111), and a short index to the text (112). The plates (49-63) reproduce those of J. Murie (1872a).

		Rondelet, Guilaume (detail)
		1554	Libri de piscibus marinis, in quibus verae piscium effigies expressae sunt. Quae in tota piscium historia contineantur, indicat elenchus pagina nona et decima. Postremò accesserunt indices necessarij. Lugduni [= Leiden], Matthiam Bonhomme: 1-583. Illus. –Allen 10. Manatee, book 16, chap. 18, p. 490.

		Rondelet, Guilaume (detail)
		1558	Le premiere partie de l'histoire entiere des poissons, composée premierement en Latin.... Lyon, Mace Bonhome: 1-418. Illus. –Allen 15. Manatee, 359-360. The figs. are the same as in the 1554 Latin ed. (q.v.).

x		Rondon, Cândido Mariano da Silva; Faria, João Barbosa de (detail)
		1948	Glossário geral das tribos silvícolas de Mato-Grosso e outras da Amazônia e do Norte do Brasil. Tomo I. Rio de Janeiro, Imprensa Nacional (Commissão Rondon, Publ. no. 76): 1-257. –On July 11, 1927, on the Rio Uaçá on the Atlantic coast of Pará, Brazil, Barbosa de Faria recorded the Galibí tribe's name for the manatee as cuiúmurú (232).

x		Rood, Ronald N. (detail)
		1960	A half-ton of mermaid. Coronet 49: 133-136. Dec. 1960. –Pop. acc. of manatees, apparently based largely on J.C. Moore (1956).

		Rosa de Oliveira, Larissa; Loizaga De Castro, Rocio; Cardenas-Alayza, Susana; Bonatto, Sandro Luis (detail)
		2012	Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non-invasive methods and forensics. Mammal Review 42(4): 275-303. 1 table. 3 figures. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00201.x. October 2012. –ABSTRACT: 1-Most aquatic mammals have high dispersal potential, and there are often severe conservation concerns related to their legal or illegal harvesting. Therefore, economic, social and forensic factors often arise in decisions relating to their population management. Molecular markers are essential tools in modern conservation genetics, revealing previously unknown aspects of aquatic mammal behaviour, natural history, population structure and demography. Molecular markers also have been used to define management units, to recognize taxonomic units, to conduct forensic analyses and to control illegal wildlife trade, providing valuable information for decision-making in wildlife conservation and management. 2-We review studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1993 and 2010, in which genetic approaches have been applied to conservation-related issues involving natural populations of 25 species of aquatic mammals in South America. These studies cover just 34% of the 70 aquatic mammal species recorded in South America. 3-Most of the studies are related to population structure, phylogeography, gene flow and dispersal movements. In addition, recent findings relate to evolutionarily significant units, management units, forensics and conservation policy. 4-Finally, we look to the future and, based on numbers of studies and conservation concerns, suggest which species, geographic areas and genetic studies should be prioritized. Moreover, we discuss constraints on research and suggest collaborative works that would provide critical information towards the effective conservation and management of aquatic mammals in South America.

Rosas, Fernando César Weber: SEE ALSO Colares et al., 1990; Marshall et al., 2003. (detail)

		Rosas, Fernando César Weber (detail)
		1991	Peixe-boi da Amazônia, Trichechus inunguis. In: H. L. Capozzo & M. Junin (eds.), Estado de conservación de los mamíferos marinos del Atlantico Sudoccidental. Informes y Estudios del Programa de Mares Regionales del PNUMA (United Nations Environment Programme) No. 138 (250 pp.): 178-181.

x		Rosas, Fernando César Weber (detail)
		1994	Biology, conservation and status of the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis. Mamm. Rev. 24(2): 49-59. 3 figs. June 1994. –Reviews the literature on the biology of T. inunguis (emphasizing contributions from INPA, Manaus, Brazil), and makes general recommendations for study and protection of the spercies.

		Rosas, Fernando César Weber (detail)
		2001	Order Sirenia (manatees, dugongs, sea cows). Biology. In: M. E. Fowler & Z. S. Cubas (eds.), Biology, medicine, and surgery of South American wild animals. Ames, Iowa State Univ. Press (x + 536): 352-356. –Forms part of Chap. 31 together with Pimentel, T.L., 2001.

		Rosas, Fernando César Weber; Colares, Elton Pinto; Colares, Ioni Gonçalves; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da (detail)
		1991	Mamíferos aquáticos da Amazônia brasileira. In: A. L. Val, R. Figliuolo & E. Feldberg (eds.), Bases científicas para estratégias de preservação e desenvolvimento da Amazônia: fatos e perspectivas. Vol. 1. [Publisher?] (440 pp.): 405-411.

x		Rosas, Fernando César Weber; Lehti, Kesä Kannikah; Marmontel, Miriam (detail)
		1999	Hematological indices and mineral content of serum in captive and wild Amazonian manatees, Trichechus inunguis. Arq. Ciên. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR 2(1): 37-42. 3 tabs. Jan./July 1999. –Portuguese & Spanish summs. Captive male manatees were found to be very deficient in zinc, magnesium, iron, potassium, and calcium, and marginally deficient in copper. Captive females were marginally deficient in copper, magnesium, iron, potassium, and calcium. The greater degree of deficiency in the males may indicate a natural difference between the sexes.

Rose, Jean-Michel: SEE Robineau & Rose, 1982. (detail)

		Rose, Naomi A.; Farinato, Richard (detail)
		1995	The case against marine mammals in captivity. [Washington, D.C.,] Humane Soc. of the United States: iii + 46. Illus.

Rose, Patrick M.: SEE ALSO Garrott et al., 1994; Walsh et al., 1987; Wood et al., 1992. (detail)

x		Rose, Patrick M. (detail)
		1981	A preliminary report on the aerial census of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, in and around several "once-through cooling" power plant effluents; December-March 1977-78. In: R. L. Brownell, Jr., & K. Ralls (eds.), The West Indian manatee in Florida. Proceedings of a workshop held in Orlando, Florida 27-29 March 1978 (q.v.). Tallahassee, Florida Dept. Nat. Res. (iv + 154): 22-24. 1 tab. 1 fig. –Presents data on numbers of manatees sighted at each of 11 Florida Power & Light Company plants; analysis and discussion are reserved for a later date.

		Rose, Patrick M. (detail)
		1985	The West Indian manatee. Audubon Wildlife Report (National Audubon Soc.) 1985: 540-546.

		Rosenberg, C. B. H. von (detail)
		1867	Reis naar de Zuidoostereilanden, gedaan in 1865. 's-Gravenhage: 1-120.

Rosinha, A. J.: SEE Tinley et al., 1976. (detail)

x		Ross, Anne (detail)
		1994	Traditional Aboriginal hunting in Australia: a cultural heritage issue. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18(2, 3): 22-26. 3 figs. Summer/Fall 1994. –Argues in favor of recognizing the traditional rights of Aborigines to hunt wild game, including dugongs in Queensland (22-24).

Ross, Monica: SEE Weigle et al., 2001. (detail)

Rossi, S. S.: SEE Kuroki et al., 1988. (detail)

Rössner, Gertrud E.: SEE Darga et al., 1999. (detail)

		Roth, Harald H.; Waitkuwait, Ekkehard (detail)
		1986	Répartition et statut des grandes espèces de mammifères en Côte-d'Ivoire. III. Lamantins. Mammalia 50(2): 227-242. 2 tabs. 5 figs.

		Roth, Janet A.; Laerm, Joshua (detail)
		1980	A Late Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage from Edisto Island, South Carolina, USA. Brimleyana No. 3: 1-30. July 1980.

x		Roth, V. Louise (detail)
		1992	Quantitative variation in elephant dentitions: implications for the delimitation of fossil species. Paleobiology 18(2): 184-202. 6 tabs. 2 figs. May 6, 1992. –Discusses the relatively low variability of tooth size in T. inunguis in comparison with that seen in elephants (194-195, 197).

		Roth, Vincent (detail)
		1941	Notes and observations on animal life in British Guiana, 1907-1941; a popular guide to colonial Mammalia. Georgetown (Brit. Guiana), _Daily Chronicle_, Ltd.: ii + 164 + xv. 54 pls. –Fourth impression, 1953. Manatee, 69-73, pls. 23-24.

		Roth, Vincent (detail)
		1961	[Title?] Jour. Brit. Guiana Mus. & Zoo No. 29: 34-35? Mar. 1961.

x		Roth, Walter E. (detail)
		1901	Food: its search, capture and preparation. North Queensland Ethnography Bull. No. 3: 1-31. 23 Figs. Sept. 1901. –Brief paragraph noting that dugongs are harpooned or speared in North Queensland, and that at Bentinck Is. (Gulf of Carpentaria) bush fences are built in the water and dugongs are driven into them (30).

		Roth, Walter E. (detail)
		1915	An inquiry into the animism and folk lore of the Guiana Indians. Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 30 (for 1908-09): 103-386. 6 figs. 4 pls.

		Roth, Walter E. (detail)
		1924	An introductory study of the arts, crafts, and customs of the Guiana Indians. Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 38 (for 1916-17): 25-743. 343 figs. 183 pls.

		Rothausen, Karlheinz (detail)
		1967	Die Klimabindung der Squalodontoidea (Odontoceti, Mamm.) und anderer mariner Vertebrata. In: L. Ahorner et al. (eds.), Miscellanea in honorem M. Schwarzbach. Sonderveröff. Geol. Inst. Univ. Köln 13: 157-166. –Engl. summ. Discusses Rytina gigas.

x		Rothausen, Karlheinz (detail)
		1986	Marine Tetrapoden im tertiären Nordsee-Becken. 1. Nord- und mitteldeutscher Raum ausschliesslich Niederrheinische Bucht. Marine tetrapods in the Tertiary North Sea Basin. 1. Northern and Middle Germany excluding the Lower Rhine Embayment. In: H. Tobien (ed.), Nordwestdeutschland im Tertiär. Northwest Germany in the Tertiary. Berlin & Stuttgart, Gebrüder Borntraeger (Beiträge zur Regionalen Geologie der Erde, Band 18) (xxvi + 763): 510-557. 3 figs. –Summarizes records of Halitherium schinzii, H. sp., ?H. sp., and Anomotherium langewieschei in the German Oligocene, and discusses their paleoecological significance (520-521, 528-529, 539, 545, 547-548, 551).

		Rothausen, Karlheinz (detail)
		1994	Die Schritte der Tetrapoden in die Meere des frühen Känozoikums. Berliner Geowiss. Abh., Reihe E, Palaeobiol. 13: 99-112.

		Roughley, Theodore Cleveland (detail)
		1961	Wonders of the Great Barrier Reef. Ed. 13. Sydney, Angus & Robertson: xv + 279. Illus. –First publ. 1936. Dugong, 162-168, pl. 31.

		Roughsey, Dick (Goobalathaldin) (detail)
		1971	Moon and rainbow: the autobiography of an Aboriginal. Sydney, A. H. & A. W. Reed: 1-168. Illus. –Dugong hunting and habits; old male "whistlers" keeping herds together; 46-52.

		Rouja, Philippe Max; Dewailly, Eric; Blanchet, Carole; Bardi Community (detail)
		2003	Fat, fishing patterns, and health among the Bardi people of northwestern Australia. Lipids 38(4): 399-405.

		Roulin, François Désiré (detail)
		1829	Mémoire pour servir à l'histoire du tapir; et description d'une espèce nouvelle appartenant aux hautes régions de la Cordillière des Andes, avec des considérations sur les animaux fabuleux dont l'histoire se rapporte à celle du tapir. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 18: 26-56. Read Feb. 9, 1829. –Abstrs.: Frorieps Notizen 23: 305-312; Isis von Oken 1833: 213-219; Mém. Savans Étrang. (Paris) 6: 557-640, 948-952, 1835. Sirs., 7?

Round, Philip D.: SEE Graham & Round, 1994. (detail)

		Rountree, Rodney A.; Perkins, Paul J.; Kenney, Robert D.; Hinga, Kenneth R. (detail)
		2002	Sounds of western North Atlantic fishes: data rescue. Bioacoustics 12(2-3): 242-244.

		Rouse, I. (detail)
		1948	The Carib. In: Handbook of South American Indians. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Inst. 4: 547-563.

		Rouse, I. (detail)
		1964	Prehistory of the West Indies. Science 144: 499-513.

		Rousseau, L. F. E. (detail)
		1856	De la dentition des cétacés et de la place qu'occupent les fanons dans la bouche des baleines. Rev. Mag. Zool. 1856: 1-55. 8 figs. –Sirs., 8.

Routil, R.: SEE Exner & Routil, 1958. (detail)

		Roux, W. (detail)
		1885	Über eigenartige Kanäle in recenten und fossilen Knochen. Anat. Anz. 1: 276-277.

x		Rovirosa, José N. (detail)
		1887	Apuntes para la zoologia de Tabasco: vertebrados observados en el Territorio de Macuspana. La Naturaleza (México) 7: 345-389. –Discusses the distribution, harpooning, and economic use of manatees in Tabasco, Mexico (356-358).

x		Rowlatt, Ursula; Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1985	The heart of the dugong (Dugong dugon) and the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) (Sirenia). Jour. Morph. 186(1): 95-106. 6 figs. –Describes the gross anatomy of the heart and great vessels and their situation in the thorax. Most of the description is intended to apply to both species but is apparently based mainly on the dugong. Some differences between dugong and manatee hearts are explicitly pointed out and interpreted as consistent with greater stamina in the dugong; but otherwise the authors suggest only that "a morphologically unusual heart may be expected in a morphologically unusual thorax."

Rubenstein, N. I.: SEE Collard et al., 1976. (detail)

Rudin, M.: SEE Garcia-Rodriguez et al., 1998. (detail)

		Rudolf, Nieuwenhuys (detail)
		2012	Chapter 7 - The insular cortex: A review. Progress in Brain Research 195:123-163. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00007-6. 2012 –The human insular cortex forms a distinct, but entirely hidden lobe, situated in the depth of the Sylvian fissure. Here, we first review the recent literature on the connectivity and the functions of this structure. It appears that this small lobe, taking up less than 2% of the total cortical surface area, receives afferents from some sensory thalamic nuclei, is (mostly reciprocally) connected with the amygdala and with many limbic and association cortical areas, and is implicated in an astonishingly large number of widely different functions, ranging from pain perception and speech production to the processing of social emotions. Next, we embark on a long, adventurous journey through the voluminous literature on the structural organization of the insular cortex. This journey yielded the following take-home messages: (1) The meticulous, but mostly neglected publications of Rose (1928) and Brockhaus (1940) are still invaluable for our understanding of the architecture of the mammalian insular cortex. (2) The relation of the insular cortex to the adjacent claustrum is neither ontogenetical nor functional, but purely topographical. (3) The insular cortex has passed through a spectacular progressive differentiation during hominoid evolution, but the assumption of Craig (2009) that the human anterior insula has no homologue in the rhesus monkey is untenable. (4) The concept of Mesulam and Mufson (1985), that the primate insula is essentially composed of three concentrically arranged zones, agranular, dysgranular, and granular, is presumably correct, but there is at present much confusion concerning the more detailed architecture of the anterior insular cortex. (5) The large spindle-shaped cells in the fifth layer of the insular cortex, currently known as von Economo neurons (VENs), are not only confined to large-brained mammals, such as whales, elephants, apes, and humans, but also occur in monkeys and prosimians, as well as in the pygmy hippopotamus, the Atlantic walrus, and Florida manatee. Finally, we point out that the human insula presents a unique opportunity for performing an in-depth comparative analysis of the relations between structure and function in a typical sensory and a typical cognitive cortical domain.

		Rueger, J. (detail)
		1938	Zur Osteologie der beiden ersten Halswirbel der Säugetiere. Vierteljahresschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 83: 25-56.

Ruggiero, L.: SEE Borgia et al., 1981. (detail)

		Rumph, Georg Everhard (detail)
		1750	Herbarium Amboinense.... Vol. 6. Amsterdam, Changuion & Utywerf: viii + 256. 90 pls. –Argues that the dugong was the basis of the numerous legends of mermaids (book 11, p. 180).

		Runge, Michael C.; Langtimm, Catherine A.; Kendall, William L. (detail)
		2004	A stage-based model of manatee population dynamics. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 20(3): 361-385. 3 tabs. 5 figs. July 2004 (mailed July 28, 2004).

		Runge, Michael C.; Sanders-Reed, C. A.; Fonnesbeck, C. J. (detail)
		2007a	A core stochastic population projection model for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). U. S. Geol. Survey Open-File Report 2007-1082. 41 pp. http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/manatee/documents/OFR2007-1082.pdf.

		Runge, Michael C.; Sanders-Reed, C. A.; Langtimm, Catherine A.; Fonnesbeck, C. J. (detail)
		2007b	A quantitative threats analysis for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). U. S. Geol. Survey Open-File Report 2007-1086. 34 pp. http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/manatee/documents/OFR2007-1086.pdf.

x		Rüppell, E. (detail)
		1834	Schreiben von Dr. E. Rüppell an Dr. W. Sömmerring über den im Rothen Meere vorkommenden Dugong (Halicore). Mus. Senckenbergianum 1(2): 99-114. Pl. 6. –Describes in detail the anatomy of the Red Sea dugong, and gives some notes on its natural history (as told to him by hunters) and the use of its meat, tusks, and hide. Also comments on the hide's use by the ancient Hebrews to cover the Ark of the Covenant, whence he derives the new name Halicore tabernaculi, given in case the species proves to differ from "H. Dugong of the Moluccas" (113). Sömmerring, however, in a foreword (97-98), explains that Rüppell's account was written in the field without access to a library, and that the Red Sea dugong is undoubtedly the same as the species already described in the literature.

x		Rusby, Henry H. (detail)
		1933	Jungle memories. New York & London, Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill: xiii + 388. –Describes, in somewhat overblown terms, an encounter with a manatee near the falls of the Rio Madeira, Brazil (324-325). The animal had "immense, round, staring eyes" (!), and "a long and thick horn" on either side of the head which was evidently the flipper. The accuracy of the author's memories seems open to question.

x		Ruschi, Augusto (detail)
		1965	Lista dos mamíferos do Estado do Espirito Santo. Bol. Mus. Biol. Prof. Mello-Leitão, Sér. Zool. (Santa Teresa, Brazil) No. 24A. Sept. 11, 1965. –States that manatees ("T. inunguis") no longer occur in Espirito Santo, Brazil, but were captured in the Rios São Mateus, Doce, and Jucú in the last century (30).

x		Russel, Mel (detail)
		1996	The story of Hou-Manatee. Endangered Species Bull. (U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv.) 21(3): 18-19. 2 figs. May/June 1996. –Describes the rescue of a manatee from Buffalo Bayou near Houston, Texas, by wildlife biologists.

x		Russell, Bobbi Jo (detail)
		1996	Hugh and Buffett. Mote News (Sarasota, Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory) 41(3): 5. 1 fig. Fall 1996. –Brief pop. acc. of two captive Florida manatees held at Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota. See also Appendix 1.

Russell, Donald E.: SEE Gingerich et al., 1990. (detail)

		Ryan, P. R. (detail)
		1978	Marine mammals - a guide for readers. Oceanus 21(2): 9-16.

		Ryder, John A. (detail)
		1878	On the mechanical genesis of tooth-forms. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 30(1): 45-80. 11 figs. Apr. 1878.

x		Ryder, John A. (detail)
		1885	On the probable origin, homologies, and development of the flukes of cetaceans and sirenians. Amer. Naturalist 19: 515-519. –Proposes that the flukes are homologous with the pes of land animals.

		Ryder, John A. (detail)
		1887a	On the homologies and early history of the limbs of vertebrates. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 39(3): 344-368. 1 tab. –Sirs., 346.

		Ryder, John A. (detail)
		1887b	On the development of the Cetacea, together with a consideration of the probable homologies of the flukes of cetaceans and sirenians. Rept. U.S. Fish. Comm. 13: 427-485. Pls. 1-3. –Sirs., 427, 475.

Rylands, Anthony B.: SEE Bernardes et al., 1990. (detail)

Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.

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